The Mr Science Show// Label Cloud User Variablesvar cloudMin = 1;var maxFontSize = 22;var maxColor = [0, 0, 139];var minFontSize = 10;var minColor = [131,111,255];var lcShowCount = false; #navbar-iframe { display:block } function setAttributeOnload(object, attribute, val) { if(window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener("load", function(){ object[attribute] = val; }, false); } else { window.attachEvent('onload', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }); } } skip to main | skip to sidebarScience, Psychology and CricketI originally put this article together in 2007 for All Out Cricket. To listen to the experts consulted for this story - Dr Rob Duffield from the School of Human Movement at Charles Sturt University, and Dr Alistair McRobert from Liverpool John Moores University - check out the story and podcast I put out in 2007. Every cricket season, the TV coverage of cricket becomes more spectacular and technological, with the introduction of microphones to detect the finest of edges through to the keeper, improved abilities to determine the trajectory of a ball once it has left the bowler’s hand, and now even heat sensors to see how the batsman sweats.But the scientific aspects of cricket are not limited to TV companies, with science playing an increasing role in shaping the performance of players, from their general fitness to specific training techniques for both their physical, and possibly more importantly mental, well-being.It is with science that countries are aiming to find the competitive edge.Are cricketers fit?If you’ve watched the likes of Ian Botham, David Boon and Darren Lehmann strut the international cricket stage, you might believe that you really do not need to be that fit to play cricket.Studies conducted by Dr Rob Duffield at the School of Human Movement at Charles Sturt University, and Dr Marc Portus, the Sports Science Manager of Cricket Australia, have found that indeed you really do not need to be as physically fit to play cricket as you do other sports such as football.However, you do need to be psychologically strong, have a level of endurance and recovery, and plenty of natural talent.During a test century, which takes on average three and a half hours, a batsman will stand still for two hours, walk for an hour, jog for ten minutes, spend only five minutes running hard, and about a minute and a half sprinting.“Physical conditioning and muscle training is not going to necessarily improve your performance in cricket,” Dr Duffield said. “Having a high oxygen consumption or a faster twenty metre sprint time doesn’t mean you are going to be able to bowl better, or get more wickets, or score a century.”This does not mean, however, that you can be completely unfit and compete at the highest level. The fitter you are, the less likely you are to succumb to injury, and the quicker you recover from fatigue.Dr Portus said that this work would feed into the coaching regime for Cricket Australia,“We need to understand the requirements of elite international cricket a whole lot better, particularly with our fitness training program.”It seems the key to being a good cricketer is lots of net practice to keep the skill base high, natural talent – something perhaps with which you are born – and the ability to tackle the psychological aspects of the game.How do world-class cricket batsmen anticipate a bowler's intention?According to folklore, cricket is 90% a mental game.Independent studies by Alistair McRobert from Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, and Dr Sean Müller from RMIT University in Australia, have both concluded that the very best batsmen can predict the sort of ball they will receive even before the ball leaves the bowler’s hand.The research programs were conducted in parallel without feeding into each other, suggesting that it is with such scientific studies that countries are looking to find the edge.The programs, conducted for the ECB by McRobert and published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by Müller, state that mediocre batsmen do not pick up on the subtle clues given off by a bowler, showing that perhaps the importance of psychology in cricket is even deeper than we might have first thought.Whilst a lesser batsman will only make his decision about where the ball will land once it is in flight, or will perhaps make an early faulty call, an experienced player can start this decision-making process earlier, giving him more time for shot selection – very important if you’re facing Steve Harmison or Brett Lee.McRobert’s study found that skilled batsmen pick up information from the bowlers “central body features (head-shoulders, trunk-hip)” and less skilled batsmen rely on clues in the bowler’s hand and ball position. The Australian study found that “highly skilled players demonstrated the …unique capability to pick up advance information from some specific early cues to which the less skilled players were not attuned.”Both experiments were conducted on elite players – in Müller’s case, the Australian cricket team – and then repeated on intermediate and novice cricketers.One test involved showing the participants a video of a bowler running in from the batsman’s perspective, and stopped the video at various points so that the batsman could make a prediction about what might happen next. McRobert’s tests also focused on the eye-movements of the batsmen using head mounted optics and high speed cameras to try and understand the subconscious decision making of the batsman.The research has the potential to allow coaches to understand how body language is communicated. McRobert’s study suggests that experience against all types of bowlers is also important.“Our research revealed that a batsman uses different search strategies when facing fast and spin bowlers… It is important that information relating to potential visual cues is specific to the type of bowler.”The work also suggests that match context determines how a batsman makes his decisions, and so coaching sessions could be designed to focus on the aspects of the game that play with the mind, rather than aspects of a batsman’s technique. Psychology on the fieldAccording to Justin Langer’s blog, sports psychology is “the least studied of all cricket skills, even if it is widely accepted as being the most important ingredient of success.”But this is starting to change, with most teams having associated psychologists. The ECB is currently in the process of appointing a National Lead Psychologist, and have used psychologists Dr Wil James and Dr Steve Bull on a part time basis.Dr James, who provides psychological services for the ECB up to the Academy and England-A levels, as well as for overseas touring age sides, says that his role is to help players develop their mental game so to deal with setbacks, and also to help players raise their mental games.The aim is to work with coaches to “foster development of a strong mental game by consulting upon, rather than taking over, player development.”“The aim is to develop the coaching environment.”This developing coaching environment is gradually starting to take effect, not just at the elite level, but also at lower levels, with each county academy having an associated part-time sports psychologist. Dr James says that eventually the aim is to have sports psychologists associated with teams on a more full-time basis with a strategic outlook on player development.“Psychology is not a quick fix.”Dr James thinks psychology has a strong role to play in allowing the coach to “coach in a way that asks questions of players, not just answers them. We want to challenge players, and take them out of their comfort zones.”This is important when viewing the way that many junior players find their way to the top, with many unprepared for the mental game.“Sports psychology helps coaches select players, not just on technical ability, but also mental characteristics. It helps the coach nurture natural talent. Some players may have tonnes of natural talent but never have been challenged, whilst others might have shown that they can bounce back from a setback.”Research is being conducted within the ECB to develop an assessment tool to categorise different types of “mental toughness”. This research looks at factors such as emotional intelligence, and again helps coaches identify players that have the mental edge. Some players have the ability to maintain their confidence throughout a period of misfortune, and being able to identify this helps coaches work with those that may not have this ability.“The aim is to make players focus on what they can do, not what is affecting them.”Warren Frost, Sports Science and Medical Coordinator for New Zealand Cricket (NZC) said that NZC has psychological programs in place, although he admits that “there has not been a lot of publication on the psychological demands of cricket.” New players go through psychological “programmes of development in the same way that skills or fitness are developed.”“(Psychological coaching) is individualised and run by our sport psychologist in one on one situations as required”When asked if New Zealand had come up with a way tackling performance momentum – for instance, getting a team “up” for a dead rubber in a series – he commented:“One of the eternal questions of any sport!”It may take some time before science answers that one.Psychology off the fieldPromoting the visualisation of positive scenes, such as run-scoring or wicket-taking moments, has become part of the coaching manual thanks in part to scientific research. Notably, Langer’s long-time batting partner Matthew Hayden sits on the pitch before each innings visualising how he will bat.The understanding of positive visualisation has arisen from scientific work into depression, and apart from on the field, wear and tear on the mind can have an effect off the field. English opening batsman Marcus Trescothick is the most recent example of a high profile cricketer struck down with a stress-related illness. The frenetic and grinding itinerary and lifestyle of an international cricketer is often incompatible with their personal make-up or home life.There is a growing realisation within society that depression and mental illness are serious problems that cannot be glossed over. It poses the question then, how do coaching staff and team management best nurture players who may be vulnerable to this type of illness?One promising acknowledgement of the problem is from the Professional Cricketers’ Association (PCA), which offers free counselling sessions to all current cricketing professionals from any phone in the world. The hotline is manned 24-hours by experienced, professional counsellors. They have also set up the Benevolent Fund, to help cricketers adjust to life beyond cricket.This is a positive development by the ECB, as it is often difficult for players to adjust to life after cricket having had their identity tied to it for many years. Silence of the Heart, by David Frith, details over 150 professional cricketers who committed suicide, mostly after their retirement.The ECB has also set up the “Performance Lifestyle Service” to help players throughout their careers, and prepares them for life after cricket. A network of clinical psychologists is maintained for cricketers who face problems such as addiction or depression.Science and Medicine in Cricket ConferencesThe psychological aspects of the game are now making up part of various sports science conferences. The increasing role of science in cricket has been highlighted in the last decade through the four-yearly World Congress of Science and Medicine in Cricket, held in conjunction with each World Cup. The first congress in 1999 had 50 attendees, with representatives from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe, the West Indies and the UK. In 2003, the congress reflected the growing stature of science in the game with 119 attendees, including representatives from Canada, India and Pakistan. Barbados played host to the 2007 version, with the majority of presentations coming from Australia, the UK and South Africa.Craig Ranson, England Cricket Board Lead Physiotherapist at the National Cricket Academy, said that the programme was wide ranging, including fields such as Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Injury Surveillance and Prevention, Sports Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, Nutrition and Hydration, Thermoregulation and Motor Learning.“It was clear that although there was some good science presented the overall goal was to produce research that resulted in a performance advantage.”Recently, the 2007 Cricket Australia Sport Medicine Conference was held, with presentations from the then Australian coach and noted cricket analyser John Buchanan, and papers ranging from the effects of alcohol, heat and humidity on athletic performance, to evidence from baseball that umpiring decisions are influenced by game context, kinematic analysis of the doosra and off-break, and why fast bowlers bowl no-balls.National ProgramsA number of countries now have dedicated centres for scientific input into cricket. The ECB has set up the Science and Medicine Management Group to “continually review the best strategic approach for the delivery of all science and medicine support for cricket,” whilst Cricket Australia has set up the Sports Science Program to leverage off the expertise of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS).Carl Petersen works with the AIS to track the workload of cricketers using GPS technology, and says that Cricket Australia has recently offered two PhD scholarships in Physiology and Performance Analysis:“The first scholarship focuses on utilising in-house developed GPS devices combined with micro-sensors to accurately define workload in cricketers. With a better understanding of cricket workload and demands, our strength and conditioning coaches will be able to design more effective training programmes, and monitor recovery more precisely to have the cricket athletes peaking on game day(s),” said Petersen“The second PhD is focusing on the developmental training pathways of fast bowlers.”Additionally, Cricket Australia has a research programme investigating the biomechanics of cricketing skills. Wayne Spratford runs a number of tests for Cricket Australia:“Over the last two years we have developed skill based tests for batsmen, bowlers and fielders which we have implemented on all levels of cricketers in Australia from the Test team to State Under 17 level.”Both commented that much of their work is kept in-house to maintain a “competitive advantage”.The competitive edge comes not from what is done on the field, but what research is done off it.FutureSo where to now for science and cricket? Whilst some countries are embracing the concept, developing cricketing countries do not have the resources for scientific cricket analysis.One recent development has been the Nike Air Zoom Yorker shoe, developed for New Zealand cricketers by the University of Auckland alongside clothing company Nike.And it has been suggested by Shri. V. Srivata, former Chief Sports Editor for The Times of India, that courses in the science of cricket become mandatory for all cricket coaches.Whoever said cricket was a simple game? a2a_linkname='Science, Psychology and Cricket';a2a_linkurl='http://www.mrscienceshow.com/2009/01/science-psychology-and-cricket.html';Posted bywestiusatFriday, January 09, 20090comments Labels:Brain,Health,SportEp 96: Reflecting on the science year 2008 This week I sat down with a kebab and Darren Osborne, editor of ABC Science Online, to reflect on the science year that was 2008. Darren was immersed in science in 2008 and is across nearly all the science topics that hit the headlines - as well as breaking the science news himself. Topics we discussed include:Climate Change;The LHC;X-rays and Sticky tape;Genomic Research;Biofuels and the food crisis;Alternative Energy Sources;Beer made from 45 million-year old yeast;A 380-million year-old fossilised fish, which was in the process of giving birth;The Sumo Diet.I also get Old Man and Woman Science, my Dad and Mum, on the phone to get their opinions on the year that was.Listen to his podcast here:And remember to tell us your science highlights from 2008 to go into the running for some sciencey prizes. Answers will also contribute to our year-in-review podcast coming out in a few weeks. Let us know here before the competition closes.a2a_linkname='Ep 96: Reflecting on the science year 2008';a2a_linkurl='http://www.mrscienceshow.com/2009/01/ep-96-reflecting-on-science-year-2008.html';Posted bywestiusatWednesday, January 07, 20090commentsLabels:Astronomy / Space,Beer Drinking Scientists,Christmas,Climate and Energy,Genetics,Humour,Paleontology,Physics,Year in ScienceEp 95: Merry Christmas from Mr Science! Reindeer and Santa Claus are the topic of this week's Mr Science Show. With Christmas here, we thought we'd look at some Christmas news, and this week we take a look at reindeer facts and the problems Santa is having at the North Pole. Due to global warming, and the global financial crisis, Santa has had to put his North Pole residence up for auction and is currently looking for a new place in Lapland.Merry Christmas from the Mr Science Show!Listen to his podcast here:And remember to tell us your science highlights from 2008 to go into the running for some sciencey prizes. Answers will also contribute to our year-in-review podcast early in 2009. Let us know here.a2a_linkname='Ep 95: Merry Christmas from Mr Science!';a2a_linkurl='http://www.mrscienceshow.com/2008/12/ep-95-merry-christmas-from-mr-science.html';Posted bywestiusatWednesday, December 31, 20080commentsLabels:Animals,Christmas,Climate and EnergyThe curse of the duck I put together this article for Plus Magazine - for more information, see the original article over at Plus.Cricket fans love their stats. Even the most casual follower can rattle off the batting averages of their favourite players or tell you how many wickets such-and-such a bowler took in the last test. The most passionate followers can recite each scorecard from this year's Wisden.The recent news of the great Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar surpassing West Indian Brian Lara's record number of test runs has given maths-loving cricket geeks another opportunity to pull out their calculators and Excel spreadsheets. I'm openly one of these nuts and did just that. At the time of writing, Tendulkar had scored 12,027 runs across 247 innings, to overtake Lara's 11,953 from 232 innings. After a little investigation, I found that despite his outstanding average of over 54 runs per innings, Tendulkar's most common score in test cricket is ... zero! This was quite a shock — the most prolific run-scorer in test cricket has been out for nought (a duck in cricket parlance) 14 times, well ahead of his second most common score — which incidentally is the next lowest you can get: one! This is completely counter-intuitive, so I took this investigation further. Australian cricketer Sir Donald Bradman is universally regarded as the best batsman ever to have played the game. His average, an astounding 99.94, is so far above every other batsman in the history of the game that he is often acclaimed as not only the best cricketer ever, but the best player ever of any sport. His average is so iconic in Australia that the postcode of the ABC (the Australian version of the BBC) is 9994 in every capital city. If it wasn't for the fact that much more test cricket is played nowadays than in the early 1900s, and for World War II interrupting his career for six years, Bradman would have scored many more than the 6996 runs he did score. So, guess what Bradman's most common score was? That's right, zero! Indeed, looking at every innings by the most prolific batsmen in test history from Tendulkar at number 1 to Bradman at number 34, the most common score is zero — and by quite a long way too. The following figures show the distribution of scores from these top batsmen — on the horizontal axis you see the number of runs and the vertical axis measures the frequency of dismissals at a particular number of runs. The first chart shows every score between 0 and 100, and the second uses five-run wide bins to show scores up to 250. The data only include scores where the batsman was dismissed and so does not include not-out scores.  Scores plotted against dismissal frequency.  Scores in bins of five plotted against dismissal frequency. Model cricket A closer look at these distributions shows that they very closely fit what is known as an exponential distribution. An exponential distribution has the form ![\[ y=\lambda e^{-\lambda x}. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml1/images/img-0001.png) In this case y is the probability of being dismissed at score x with λ being constant. A common trick when looking at distributions involving exponentials is to take logarithms of both sides to get ![\[ ln(y) = ln(\lambda ) - \lambda x. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml1/images/img-0005.png) The graph of this function, plotting ln(y) against x, is now a straight line with slope -λ. If the statistical data fits the exponential distribution, then the plot of the logarithm of the frequency of dismissals against the score at which dismissal happened should look roughly like a straight line.  A straight line fitted to the data. The blue dots represent observed data and the black line represents the model.  A straight line fitted to the data from the second chart above. The blue dots represent observed data and the black line represents the model. There is a very strong straight line fit in both charts. Using a standard technique called least-squares regression, we can find the straight line that best fits the data. We can determine λ from the coefficient of x in the equation of this line, and in our case this gives λ equal to 0.023. The mean of an exponential distribution, a sort of average, is 1/λ. In our case this gives a mean of around 43 - the same as we observe in the raw data. One can make the interesting observation that there is no such thing as the "nervous nineties": players do not "choke" and get out in the 90s, nervous before scoring a glorious test century, any more than they get out at any other score. Indeed, you could argue the opposite given the probability troughs at 94, 98 and in the 190s. You can also see that the probability of being dismissed for a duck is higher than you might expect for an exponential distribution. So what? Now, so far you might be thinking that all of this is only of passing statistical interest. So what if cricket scores follow an exponential distribution? Well, I'm glad you asked! Let’s turn for a second to a different distribution, the geometric distribution. You will be familiar with this distribution from a simple 50/50 coin toss. The geometric distribution describes the number of coin tosses you need before a head (or tail) first turns up. The probability of your first head turning up on your kth toss is described as ![\[ Prob(first\; \; head \; \; on \; \; kth \; \; toss) = (1-p)^{k-1}p, \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml4/images/img-0003.png) where p is the probability of a head turning up on each toss, that is, 0.5. The distribution is memory-less, which is one of its key descriptors. No matter what has gone before, even if you have fluked 100 tails in a row, the probability of a head turning up on the 101st throw is still p. The geometric distribution only works for integer values of k, that is, you can only throw a coin 2, 3, 100 etc times and not 2.5 times. The exponential distribution is the continuous equivalent of this distribution, extending it to work for all numbers, not just integers. Given that cricket batting scores seem to fit a exponential distribution, this means that we can picture cricket batting scores on a geometric distribution with the probability of you being dismissed at score as ![\[ Prob(dismissed\; \; at\; \; score\; \; k) = (1-p)^ kp. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml4/images/img-0005.png) Can you spot the profound result here? Remembering that the geometric distribution is memory-less, you can interpret this as saying that no matter what score you are currently on, you have the same chance p of getting out on that score as you do on any other score! Like a coin toss, the probability of you being dismissed on each score does not depend on what has gone before. A model which assumes that there is no memory is known as a constant hazard model. This seems to go against every cricketing manual I have ever read. Accepted cricketing wisdom says that a batsman is more dangerous when (s)he "has the eye in" and has scored 10 or 20 runs. Our result seems to suggest that, apart from when a batsman is on 0, you have just as much chance of dismissing him or her on the current score as on any other score. The next question to ask is, what is the probability of dismissing a batsman on the current score (that is, what is p in the above equation)? The mean of a geometric distribution is ![\[ mean = \frac{1-p}{p}. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml5/images/img-0002.png) Knowing that the mean of the exponential distribution is 1/λ, and transferring this to the geometric distribution, we get ![\[ p = \frac{\lambda }{\lambda + 1}. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml5/images/img-0004.png) For λ = 0.023 this gives p = 0.022. Therefore, if you were to turn the television on now and find the cricket coverage, the chance that the batsman you are watching gets out on the current score is 2.2%. Scores near zero The biggest deviation from the geometric distribution is for scores near zero. According to our data, the chance of being dismissed for a duck is 6.9% — around 3 times more than expected for a geometric (or exponential) distribution. But by the time the batsman has scored two or three runs, the geometric distribution starts to fit well. There is a small peak at four runs, perhaps because you can relatively easily get to four before you become comfortable — it only takes one streaky shot to the boundary. Whilst you can get to three with one shot, you are more likely to have played a few shots and so may be comparatively more "set".  The data and the geometric distribution. The blue dots represent observed data and the black line represents the model. An analysis of scores near zero has been completed by Brendon J. Brewer from the University of New South Wales in Getting your eye in: A Bayesian analysis of early dismissals in cricket. Brewer indeed found that batsmen are more vulnerable at the beginning of their innings. By assuming a constant hazard model, Brewer determined the effective average of a batsman before they have scored — that is, assuming a constant hazard model with probability p of dismissal equal to that of their chance of being dismissed for a duck, Brewer determined the mean of this new distribution. In our data from the best batsmen of all time, dismissal for a duck occurred with a 6.9% chance. The mean of a geometric distribution built around this probability is ![\[ \frac{1-0.069}{0.069} = 13.5. \]](http://plus.maths.org/MI/plus/issue49/sport/indexhtml7/images/img-0001.png) This means that even though our batsmen have a mean of about 43, before they've scored they bat like cricketers with a mean of 13.5. Even the best batsmen bat like tail-enders before they get off the mark! Conclusions What should we take away from this analysis? The conclusion seems to be that there is a very small window in the beginning of a batsman's innings in which there is a greater chance of dismissal than there ordinarily is. This makes sense — batsmen take some time to acclimatise to the game conditions. But this is a small window — once the batsman has scored about three runs, you have the same chance of dismissal whatever the current score. Interestingly, tiredness does not seem to play a part — the exponential distribution holds well out to 250 runs (quite a few hours of batting). It should be remembered that this analysis was completed on the top 34 run scorers of all time (5953 innings) and so represents the best ever batsmen. Lesser batsmen are likely to get low scores, so perhaps this window is slightly wider for them. But if we turn to the greatest of the great, Bradman, the window is essentially one run. His effective average before he had scored was a very mediocre nine runs. After he had scored two runs, this effective average had risen to 69. You had to get Bradman out very early! More information The data was retrieved from cricinfo during the second test between Australia and India on the 19th of October 2008;Not-out scores were removed from the analysis;The exponential distribution does break down a little for scores above 250 as there simply isn't enough data;Yes, Marc has scored a duck in his cricket career. Further reading Read Brendon J. Brewer's paper Getting your eye in: A Bayesian analysis of early dismissals in cricket;Find out more on the maths/cricket blog Pappus' plane — cricket stats.Of course, see Plus!a2a_linkname='The curse of the duck';a2a_linkurl='http://www.mrscienceshow.com/2008/12/curse-of-duck.html';Posted bywestiusatTuesday, December 30, 20082commentsLabels:Maths and Stats,SportEp 94: The Geek Pop Virtual Music Festival Geek Pop is the world’s only sci-pop festival - a free online music event featuring songs about science. The festival brings together science-inspired artists from around the globe in a gleeful celebration of geek culture. In 2009, Geek Pop will take place between 6-15th March.This week on the podcast I spoke to Hayley Birch, the organiser of Geek Pop, about the festival, where the idea came from and what type of music we can look forward to.You can subscribe to Geek Pop updates by sending an email to news@geekpop.co.uk with the subject SUBSCRIBE ME RIGHT UP. Or register your attendance at the Facebook event.We've looked at the various scientific aspects of music in the past on Mr Science, just check out our music label.Listen to his podcast here:And remember to tell us your science highlights from 2008 to go into the running for some sciencey prizes. Answers will also contribute to our year-in-review podcast early in 2009. Let us know here.a2a_linkname='Ep 94: The Geek Pop Virtual Music Festival';a2a_linkurl='http://www.mrscienceshow.com/2008/12/ep-94-geek-pop-virtual-music-festival.html';Posted bywestiusatMonday, December 22, 20080commentsLabels:MusicOlder PostsSubscribe to:Posts (Atom)                 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License.COMPETITION: Science Highlights 2008Tell us your science highlights from 2008 and go into the running for some sciencey prizes. Answers will also contribute to our year-in-review podcast early in 2009. Let us know here.Subscribe a2a_linkname=document.title;a2a_linkurl="http://feeds.feedburner.com/MrSciencePodcast";    Contact by emailAbout The Mr Science Show is a science podcast and blog that started out on China Radio International, before venturing out on its own. The name comes from the hosts on CRI who had not prepared a name and came up with the highly inventive Mr Science on the spot.  Marc West was editor of Plus Magazine and has a Masters of Operations Research and Statistics, a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication and the University Medal in Chemistry - more on Marc here.Search powered by FreeFindMr Science Mobile Visit Mr Science Mobile on your mobile phone. 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span.innerHTML = '('+ts[t]+') '; span.className = 'label-count'; a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(t)); li.appendChild(a); li.appendChild(span); } else { a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(t)); li.appendChild(a); } ul.appendChild(li); abnk = document.createTextNode(' '); ul.appendChild(abnk); } lc2.appendChild(ul); Animals (13) Art (3) Astronomy / Space (16) Automobiles (1) Beer Drinking Scientists (8) Biometrics (1) Blogging (15) Boredom (2) Brain (10) Celebrities (7) Chemistry (4) Christmas (2) Climate and Energy (13) Computers (12) Dance (2) Diffusion Science Radio (5) Earth (2) Economics (1) Evolution (8) Food (3) Genetics (10) Health (15) Human Face (8) Humour (5) Invisibility (2) Language (1) Love and Sex (14) Maths and Stats (25) Movember (6) Movies (5) Music (7) Paleontology (1) Paranormal (1) Physics (2) Podcasting (12) Polls (5) Recycling (5) Religion (2) Reviews (2) Robots (1) sciblog (2) Science Education (9) Sport (13) Travelling Scientist (27) Year in Science (6) Blog Archive▼ 2009(2)▼ January(2)Science, Psychology and CricketEp 96: Reflecting on the science year 2008 ► 2008(50) ► December(6)Ep 95: Merry Christmas from Mr Science!The curse of the duckEp 94: The Geek Pop Virtual Music FestivalEp 93: Communicating Mathematics with the MassesWhat are your scientific highlights from 2008?Going mobile and QR codes ► November(6)Climate Change News and closing in on 100 episodes...That time again - MovemberScience on StageFootball Manager LifetimesHere's why we need science communicatorsHalloween Science Special ► October(5)We're now on TwitterSo, you think you can dance...Japan and the Sumo DietLast.fm, data mining and mashupsWhy Hollywood stars should stick to acting ► September(2)Reflections on the London Science Blogging Confere...Bacon vs. Erdos - it's a numbers game ► August(4)Crawl of London Science PubsYour favourite fictional scientists - the podcastModelling Olympic GoldMaking the top 100 cutting edge science blogs ► July(8)Tanneries and water - meandering through MoroccoCocoa CondomsWho is your favourite fictional scientist?Run away and join the circus - the science circus ...Tackling Climate Change with words?Science PodcastersThe 118118 ChallengePi appears in crop circle, Mr Science appears in c... ► June(2)Exhibition Design, where art and science meetEconomists, oil, cricket and correlation ► May(8)The science of EurovisionCreating your own podcastMore maths in the moviesBiofuels debate - The UK Report in The HelixMotor Neuron Disease Breakthrough - The UK Report ...The Enigma MachineMaths in the MoviesNASA is looking after us ► April(2)Iceland in G MagazinePlastic paper protects Morrisons Mushrooms ► March(3)Recycling CondomsThe Recyling Challenge - Early DaysScience through song ► February(1)Happy Valentines Day ► January(3)Science Year 2007 ► 2007(44) ► December(3) ► November(5) ► October(1) ► September(2) ► August(4) ► July(3) ► June(3) ► May(3) ► April(4) ► March(7) ► February(5) ► January(4) ► 2006(62) ► 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class\75\47title\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76 (\74data:totalFollowerCount\76\74/data:totalFollowerCount\76)\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div expr:id\75\47data:widget.instanceId + \46quot;-wrapper\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:codeSnippet !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74div style\75\47margin:2px;\47\76\n\74data:codeSnippet\76\74/data:codeSnippet\76\n\74/div\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:totalFollowerCount \75\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control following-not-admin\47\76\n\74b\76\74data:failureSnippet\76\74/data:failureSnippet\76\74/b\76\n\74/span\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control blog-admin\47\76\n\74b\76\74data:adminFailureSnippet\76\74/data:adminFailureSnippet\76\74/b\76\n\74/span\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:followingLinkPresent\47\76\n\74div class\75\47follow-this profile-link item-control following-follow-this\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47\46quot;javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:followUri + \46quot;\\\46quot;);\46quot;\47\76\n\74data:followThisMessage\76\74/data:followThisMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74div class\75\47follow-this profile-link item-control following-stop-following-this\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47\46quot;javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:followUri + \46quot;\\\46quot;);\46quot;\47\76\n\74data:stopFollowingMessage\76\74/data:stopFollowingMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47followers-grid\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:totalFollowerCount \75\75 0\47\76\n\74div class\75\47profile-link item-control following-follow-this\47\76\n\74data:emptyFollowersMessage\76\74/data:emptyFollowersMessage\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:followers\47 var\75\47follower\47\76\n\74div class\75\47follower\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:follower.profileUrl\47 expr:title\75\47data:follower.displayName\47 rel\75\47nofollow\47\76\n\74img class\75\47follower-img\47 expr:alt\75\47data:follower.displayName\47 expr:height\75\47data:follower.imageHeight\47 expr:onerror\75\47\46quot;this.onerror\75null;this.src\75\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:anonFollowerImageUrl + \46quot;\\\46quot;;\46quot;\47 expr:onload\75\47\46quot;setAttributeOnload(this, \\\46quot;src\\\46quot;, \\\46quot;\46quot; + data:follower.imageUrl + \46quot;\\\46quot;)\46quot;\47 expr:width\75\47data:follower.imageWidth\47 src\75\47http://img1.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif\47/\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74div class\75\47clear\47\76\74/div\76\n\74/div\76\n\74div class\75\47followers-canvas profile-link\47\76\n\74data:followersFooterMessage\76\74/data:followersFooterMessage\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control following-not-admin\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:followersUri\47\76\n\74data:viewAllMessage\76\74/data:viewAllMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/span\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control blog-admin\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:manageFollowersUri\47\76\n\74data:manageFollowersMessage\76\74/data:manageFollowersMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/span\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:include name\75\47quickedit\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/div\076'}}, document.getElementById('Followers1'), {'title': 'Followers', 'codeSnippet': '', 'followUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/follow-blog.g?blogID\07524936959', 'followersUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/followers.g?blogID\07524936959', 'manageFollowersUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/manage-followers.g?blogID\07524936959', 'anonFollowerImageUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/img/anon-follower.png', 'followers': [{'imageUrl': 'http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2BDWCnvohyw/SV9aKA5axxI/AAAAAAAAAFA/yxh1JprIvlE/S28/nudge.gif', 'imageHeight': 28, 'imageWidth': 28, 'profileUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/profile/10423181928946747387', 'id': 13332631389, 'displayName': 'dtikler'}, {'imageUrl': 'http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_zXPnR0x3VWs/SRddeMa8tgI/AAAAAAAAAAo/MVIbb89dKhg/S28/485989268105_0_ALB.jpg', 'imageHeight': 28, 'imageWidth': 28, 'profileUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/profile/12530863730635275694', 'id': 806376111670, 'displayName': 'Alex R'}, {'imageUrl': 'http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_R1bNRu4k554/SKmuuMN8NhI/AAAAAAAAAAc/C8oZ2uMYM5Q/S28/claude.jpg', 'imageHeight': 28, 'imageWidth': 28, 'profileUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/profile/10703365264165658888', 'id': 991509470560, 'displayName': 'Garance'}, {'imageUrl': 'http://img2.blogblog.com/img/anon-follower_28.png', 'imageHeight': 28, 'imageWidth': 28, 'profileUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/profile/15822087320236175254', 'id': 140274081209, 'displayName': 'westius'}, {'imageUrl': 'http://img2.blogblog.com/img/anon-follower_28.png', 'imageHeight': 28, 'imageWidth': 28, 'profileUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/profile/15576742385352294247', 'id': 742935187609, 'displayName': 'Andrew Waddington'}], 'totalFollowerCount': 5, 'widgetId': 'Followers1', 'blogId': '24936959', 'followingLinkPresent': true, 'followThisMessage': 'Follow this blog', 'followersMessage': 'All followers', 'viewAllMessage': 'View All', 'manageFollowersMessage': 'Manage', 'learnMoreMessage': 'Learn more', 'learnMoreUri': 'http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?answer\7599543', 'emptyFollowersMessage': 'Be the first to \n \74a href\75\42javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\47http://www.blogger.com/follow-blog.g?blogID\07524936959\47);\42\76\n follow \74/a\76 this blog', 'followersFooterMessage': '5 Followers', 'stopFollowingMessage': 'Stop following'}, 'displayModeFull'));_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML13', 'sidebar',{'main': {'varName': '', 'template': '\74b:if cond\75\47data:title !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74h2 class\75\47title\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47widget-content\47\76\n\74data:content\76\74/data:content\76\n\74/div\76\n\74b:include 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class\75\47title\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47widget-content\47\76\n\74data:content\76\74/data:content\76\n\74/div\76\n\74b:include name\75\47quickedit\47\76\74/b:include\076'}}, document.getElementById('HTML9'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); |
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