| When_supernovae_go_hyper__NASA_article Magazine-style article written by NASA on the explanation for gamma-ray bursts surrounding 'hypernova' type supernovae. |
| X-ray_Astronomy__Supernovae_and_their_remnants Brief NASA introduction to supernovae. Includes images. |
| Remnant_of_Chinese_Supernova Scientists using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory have found new evidence that a pulsar in the constellation of Sagittarius was created when a massive star exploded, witnessed by Chinese astronomers i |
| Berntsen_International,_Inc_ Manufacturer and supplier of all types of markers forthe surveying industry. |
| Crain_Enterprises Manufacture of leveling rods, poles, and tripods. |
| CST_Corporation Manufacturers of surveying and construction equipment. |
| Dunham_&_Morrow_Inc Manufacturer of the DML2000 Magnetic Locator, the perfect instrument for pinpointing survey markers, buried iron or steel pipes, water valves, water meters or any other ferrous object covered by groun |
| Eping_Electro-Optic_Instruments Manufacturer and exporter of surveying instruments from China, supplying automatic level, electronic theodolite, laser level, tripods, levelling staff, prism system, prism pole, prisms and other acces |
| Geoastor GeoAstor AG has 20 years old reputation in producing and selling high-quality land surveying instruments and equipment. |
| Grade_Stakes Florida manufacturer and supplier of wood construction layout and land surveyor stakes including lath, 1x1, 1x2, 2x2, 2x4, rebar, iron rods and monuments with online payment system. |
| Guangdong_Geo_Industries_Co_,_Ltd_ Design, manufacture, and marketing of laser equipment, land surveying equipment and accessories. China. |
| Hixon_Manufacturing_and_Supply Online shopping for lasers, prism poles, GPS, Pentax, Leica, CST/Berger, Sokkia, Garmin and other survey products. |
| Laser_Atlanta_Optics Laser Atlanta Optics is the premier U.S. designer and manufacturer of eyesafe, portable, laser-based distance and speed measuring systems. |
| Laser_Reference Manufacturer of laser systems for construction alignment. |
| Laser_Technology_-_Laser_Rangefinders Laser Technology, Inc designs and manufactures laser-based speed and distance measurement instruments, or laser rangefinders, used in a wide variety of applications. |
| LaserCraft,_Inc_ Designer and Manufacturer of laser rangefinders,altimeters,3 km rangefinders and digital red light and speed enforcement systems. |
| Leica_Geosystems Offers solutions for positioning, surveying, mapping, navigation, industrial and other applications. Systems include GPS, total stations, GIS, photogrammetry, aerial cameras. |
| MAJ_Engineering_Ltd Produce EDM laser target systems designed for safer railway surveying and engineering. Includes a users explanation. United Kingdom. |
| MDL__Measurement_Devices_Ltd MDL is a laser measurement company specialising in the marine, offshore, mining, quarrying, surveying, GIS, police, security, engineering and military marketplaces. |
| Nikon__Surveying_Instruments Nikon USA Inc. Surveying Equipment |
| P_R_Engineering_Ltd Manufacturer of measuring equipment including spirit levels, spirit level vials, circular vials, laser levels, surveying levels, digital and engineers precision levels. |
| Schonstedt_Instrument_Company Since 1953, premier manufacturer of fluxgate magnetometers and magnetic pipe & cable locators, water leak detectors and correlators, rebar locators, concrete cover meters, post tension cable & |
| SECO SECO Manufacturing Co., Inc., worldwide leading manufacturer of quality GPS and land surveying equipment accessories. |
| SITE_Manufacturing_Inc_ S!TE manufactures survey equipment accessories such as Prism Poles, Rover Rods, Tribrachs, Targets, HI Rods, Mag Mounts, Bipods and Tripods for the traditional and GPS/GIS survey market. |
| Stabila_Inc_ Manufactures and sells german made levels and lasers. Includes a useful FAQs section. |
| SubSurface_Instruments,_Inc_ SubSurface manufactures high quality magnetic locators.We repair Schonstedt brand locators. SubSurface also sells water leak detectors and pipe & cable locators. |
| Sun_Survey_Systems Manufactures surveying instruments and accessories in Inida. |
| Tamez_Company Producer of an elevation rod available in metric or english measurement units. |
| Topcon Topcon America Corporation (TAC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Topcon Corporation, a Japanese producer of optical products and furniture used with such products. The company sells products, suppli |
| Welcome_to_Sokkia Sokkia Co., Ltd. Home Page. Products for measuring distance, position and area. |
| Astrophysics_Data_System_Scanned_Articles_Service Includes the full text of 31 major astronomy and astrophysics journals. |
| BeamLine A quarterly periodical of particle physics, published by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (fall 1994-spring 2002). |
| Behavioral_and_Brain_Sciences BBS is the leading cognitive science journal. This site gives free access to most of the major ("target") articles published since 1993, plus some earlier ones and some still to appear in print. |
| Bepress A publisher of free online scholarly journals. Copyright is left in the hands of authors. The archiving software is compatible with eprints software, and hence makes it possible to integrate a scholar |
| Bioline_International A non-profit publisher of free and affordable online biomedical journals containing research from developing countries such as Brazil, Cuba, India, Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe |
| BioMed_Central Online publisher of free peer-reviewed scientific articles in all areas of medical research and biology. Although it is a for-profit publisher, it provides free online access to all its research artic |
| Brain A journal of neurology. Free access to already published articles. |
| Caltech_Undergraduate_Research_Journal_(CURJ) Publication of the California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) for undergraduates audiences. Includes archive and publishing information. |
| Cerebral_Cortex Full-text peer-reviewed articles in neuroscience. |
| CERN_Courier International journal of high-energy physics, published by the Institute of Physics (october 1998-present). |
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IMAGINE THE UNIVERSE! STARCHILD WEBSTARS ASK A SCIENTIST COSMIC DISTANCE SCALE APOD IMAGES & VIDEOS 
One of the most energetic explosive events known is a supernova. These occur at the end of a star's lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy. If the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount of energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the star's envelope into interstellar space. The result of the collapse may be, in some cases, a rapidly rotating neutron star that can be observed many years later as a radio pulsar. While many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they arerelatively rare events in our own galaxy. The last to be seen was Kepler'sstar in 1604. This remnant has been studied by many X-ray astronomy satellites,including ROSAT. There are,however, many remnants of Supernovae explosions in our galaxy, that areseen as X-ray shell likestructures caused by the shock wave propagating out into theinterstellar medium. Another famous remnant is the Crab Nebula which explodedin 1054. In this case a pulsar is seen which rotates 30 times a second andemits a rotating beam of X-rays (like a lighthouse). Another dramaticsupernova remnant is the Cygnus Loop.The set of small GIF images used to create the supernova inline animation is available.See also the X-ray binary and black hole inline animations.Visit the HEASARC Images and Video Archive. You are visitor number80753.This file was last modified on Thursday, 26-Jun-2003 13:48:43 EDTWeb page maintained by
Pat Tylertyler@universe.gsfc.nasa.gov HEASARC Home | Observatories | Archive | Calibration | Software | Tools | Students/Teachers/PublicLast modified: Thursday, 26-Jun-2003 13:48:43 EDT 