| Knowing_the_Universe_and_Its_Secrets Learn about the life and energy processes of stars and galaxies. Page has explanations of ancient and modern theories, as well as charts and astronomical photos. |
| Low_Density_Inflationary_Universes A review of the geometry and density of the universe, with a focus on inflationary models. |
| Mathematical_Cosmology A review of current unsolved problems in mathematical cosmology |
| Minkowski_Functionals_in_Cosmology Minkowski functionals provide a novel tool to characterize the large-scale galaxy distribution in the Universe. Here we give a brief tutorial on the basic features of these morphological measure |
| Multidimensional_Gravity_and_Cosmology A short review of recent results on exact solutions in multidimensional cosmology |
| New_Developments_in_Cosmology A review of how the understanding of our Universe has evolved |
| Numerical_Simulations_in_Cosmology_I__Methods This lecture gives a short introduction to different methods used in cosmology. The focus is on major features of N-body simulations: equations, main numerical techniques, effects of resolution, and m |
| Particle_Aspects_of_Cosmology_and_Baryogenesis An introduction to particle aspects of cosmology with particular reference to primordial nucleosynthesis, dark matter and baryogenesis is provided. In particular, various scenarios-GUT baryogenesis, e |
| The_Possible_Geometries_for_Space A short article on the possible structures for space in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model |
| A_Quantum_Leap_for_Cosmology A theory that unites quantum mechanics and general relativity claims that there was no first moment in time, but it still agrees with the predictions of classical cosmology. |
| A_Review_of_Inflationary_Cosmology The aim of this lecture is to highlight two areas of recent progress in inflationary cosmology, namely reheating and the quantum theory of cosmological perturbations. |
| Scientific_American__Four_Keys_to_Cosmology The big bang theory works better than ever. If only cosmologists could figure out that mysterious acceleration.... |
| Should_We_Believe_in_Big_Bang? Pablo G. Ostrov explains Big Bang theory for non-scientists. |
| A_Simple_Introduction_to_Pre-Big-Bang_Physics/Cosmology A simple, non-technical introduction to the pre-big bang scenario is given, emphasizing physical motivations, considerations, and consequences over formalism. |
| Space,_Time,_and_Cosmology Learn about the origins of the universe and its fate. Einstein's Theory of Relativity is both interesting and comprehensible. |
| 1st_SPOT_Cosmology References to cosmological sites featuring in-depth coverage of issues like dark matter, black holes and symmetric theory. |
| Stephen_Hawking\'s_Universe Detailed explanations of the most important ideas and developments in human understanding of the universe. Includes original essays by some of today's leading figures in cosmology, along with original |
| String_Cosmology A lecture on aspects of superstring theory and cosmology. |
| String_Cosmology__A_Review Talk presented at COSPAR '02, Houston, Texas, October 2002. |
| A_Study_of_a_Model_Cosmology Contains report of a seminar on a model cosmology with a preliminary introduction to General Relativity. |
| Topology_of_the_Universe A thesis (in PDF format) which studies the possible topologies of the universe and their physical implications. |
| University_of_Alberta_Theoretical_Physics_Institute Includes a staff list and a brief description of work done in that centre. |
| Brad_McRae Contains dissertation chapters and software for use in spatial ecology and population genetic analyses. |
| CAMASE_Project Focused on the development and testing of quantitative methods for research on agricultural systems and the environment. |
| Division_of_Landscape_Ecology_and_Planning,_University_Giessen Discusses the interactions between components, structures, processes, functions and services of biodiversity that are studied on different levels of hierarchy in biotic systems. |
| Forest_Landscape_Ecology_Lab,_University_of_Wisconsin-Madison Research lab focusing on forested ecosystems, primarily in the Great Lakes region. |
| Geospatial_Analysis_and_Modeling_of_Ecological_Systems_Laboratory,_University_of_Central_Florida Promotes the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technology with ecological modeling to simulate dynamic, spatially-explicit patterns and processes at scales ranging |
| GIS_in_Species_Conservation_and_Management Short articles about current and recent projects using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis in conservation and management of species and landscapes. Projects involve habitat mode |
| Institute_of_Landscape_Ecology Multi-disciplinary research institute of the Academy of Sciencies of the Czech Republic, focused on basic and applied researches of the landscape and its biotic and abiotic components. |
| International_Society_for_Ecological_Modelling Promotes the international exchange of ideas, scientific results, and general knowledge in the area of the application of systems analysis and simulation in ecology and natural resource management. |
| JDEVS_Toolkit Simulation toolkit for ecosystem modeling. Publications and download. Contains 2D and 3D applets of ecosystems. |
| Landscape_Ecology_and_Modeling_Laboratory,_Arizona_State_University Research projects, people, publications emphasizing theoretical spatial ecology. |
| Landscape_Ecology_Group,_Utrecht_University Provides information on research topics and courses related to fundamental and applied wetland research. |
| Landscape_Ecology_Laboratory,_Duke_University About research, facilities, and teaching related to integrating field studies, geographic information systems, remote sensing, spatial statistics and simulation modeling in a synthetic approach to env |
| Landscape_Ecology_Program,_University_of_Massachusetts-Amherst Promotes sustainable landscape management through an integrated program in teaching, research, and outreach. |
| LEAF__Landscape_Ecology_At_Florida Summary of research, teaching and available resources at the University of Florida. |
| Monica_Turner\'s_Landscape_Ecology_Lab Introduction to landscape ecology and information on several research projects. University of Wisconsin. |
| Natural_Resources_Spatial_Analysis_Laboratory,_Institute_of_Ecology,_University_of_Georgia Information about research, training and public service and outreach in the application of geospatial technology to natural resource management and planning. |
| Spatial_Modeling_Environment Describes an integrated environment for high performance spatial modeling, called the Spatial Modeling Environment (SME). Includes examples of ecological applications. |
| Journal_of_Physics_G Nuclear and Particle Physics Journal from the Institute of Physics (UK) |
Back to the article indexArticle ContentsABSTRACT1.INTRODUCTION2.STANDARD COSMOLOGY 2.1.The Cosmological Principle 2.2.The Expanding Universe 2.2.1.The Hubble Law and Particle Kinematics 2.2.2.The Robertson Walker Metric 2.2.3.The Cosmological Redshift 2.3.The Friedmann Models 2.4.Matter Dominated Models 2.4.1.The Einstein-deSitter Model 2.4.2.The Closed Model 2.4.3.The Open Model 2.5.Summary3.A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE4.PROBLEMS WITH THE STANDARD COSMOLOGY 4.1.The Horizon Problem 4.2.The Problem of Large-Scale Structure 4.3.The Flatness Problem 4.4.The Monopole Problem5.THE INFLATIONARY PARADIGM 5.1.Particle Physics and Cosmology 5.1.1.A Brief Summary of the Modern Particle Physics 5.2.Inflation As a Solution to the Initial Value Problems 5.3.Inflation and Scalar Fields 5.3.1.Modeling the Inflaton Field 5.3.2.The Amount of Inflation6.OBSERVATIONAL TESTS OF INFLATION 6.1.Perturbations and Large-Scale Structure 6.2.The Cosmic Background Anisotropies 6.3.SummaryREFERENCESAPPENDIX A: ACRONYMS