| The_Control_Systems_Group Membership organization dedicated to application of William T. Powers' perceptual control theory model to understanding purposeful behavior. |
| Cybernetics_and_Systems_Societies A list maintained by F. Heylighen. |
| CybSoc The Cybernetics Society, London, UK |
| IEEE_Systems,_Man_and_Cybernetic_Society Fields of Interest are Integration of the Theories of Communication, Control, Cybernetics, Stochastics, Optimization and System Structure towards the Formulation of a General Theory of Systems, Techno |
| IFAC,_the_International_Federation_of_Automatic_Control A multinational Federation of Organizations Representing the Engineering and Scientific Societies Concerned with Automatic Control. |
| International_Association_for_Cybernetics Aims are to ensure a permanent and organized connection between cybernetics researchers around the world to promote the development of this science and its technical applications. |
| WOSC__Homepage World Organization of Cybernetics and Systems |
| Space_Shuttle_Photo_Gallery Learn more about NASA's space shuttles with this comprehensive photo gallery. |
| Yahoo!_News__Space_Shuttle Coverage including various articles, pictures, and videos from external sources. (April 26, 2007) |
| American_Red_Cross__Hurricane Helps to prepare an evacuation plan, assemble a disaster supplies kit, and prepare for high winds. |
| Act_on_CO2 UK Government campaign, with help and advice for consumers to help them reduce CO2 their emissions. |
| DGS_Dictionary_of_Psychological_Terms Alphabetical access, categories, status, search by sign, preface, user notes. A project of the University of Hamburg (Universität Hamburg Institut für Deutsche Gebärdensprache und Kommunikation Geh |
| Ethnologue_DGS_Entry Information on DGS from 1996. |
| Fingerspelling_in_DGS Line drawings of the Deutsches Fingeralphabet, a little-used component of DGS. University of Hamburg Center for Sign Language and Communication of the Hearing-Impaired (Institut für Deutsche Gebärde |
| WWW_Guide Links. Yamada Language Center (YLC) of University of Oregon. |
| Crowell,_Aron Brief profile of the Alaska Director of the Smithosnian Arctic Studies Center. Research interests include contact and culture change in southern Alaska and geoarchaeology. |
| Feibel,_Craig Profile of this Rutgers University Assistant Professor. Research interests include the investigation of the geological context for evolution in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly those related to ho |
| Fladmark,_Knut_R Simon Fraser University professor whose research interests include Northwestern North American Quaternary environments, North American ethnographic cultures, and PaleoIndian adaptations. |
| Goldberg,_Paul Boston University Professor. Faculty profile, publications list, courses taught, current projects. |
| Hall,_Allan Brief profile of this Glasgow University Senior Lecturer. Research interests include the application of mineralogy and geochemistry to problems in archaeology. |
| Huckell,_Bruce Brief profile of this University of New Mexico Research Assistant Professor. Research interests include Geoarchaeology, lithic analysis; Paleoindian and Archaic periods. |
| Rosen,_Arlene Profile of this University College London Lecturer. Research interests include geoarchaeology and phytolith studies in archaeology and proto-historic Near East and China. |
| Stein,_Julie_K_ Curriculum vitae, publications, and research of this University of Washington Professor. Research interests include coastal adaptations of prehistoric people. |
| Wilder,_Dean Brief curriculum vitae of this University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Professor. Research interests include the geoarchaeology of the midwest. |
| Arsenic_Contamination_of_Groundwater From the British Geological Survey; includes detailed reports of the surveys carried out in Ghana and Bangladesh. |
| Arsenic_Drinking_Water_Groundwater_Contamination_and_Water_Testing Arsenic in drinking water; information on sources of contamination and reported groundwater concentrations throughout the United States. Wilkes University arsenic research site. |
| Arsenic_in_Drinking_Water_(1999) Open Book; from the Commission on Life Sciences (US). Includes sections on chemistry, health effects, biomarkers, and variation in human sensitivity. |
| Arsenic_in_Drinking_Water;_WHO_Factsheet Summarises the causes, possible remedies, and the extent of arsenic pollution globally and discuss the problem in Bangledesh. WHO guideline limit for As in drinking water is 0.05mg/l. |
| Arsenic_in_Groundwater_of_the_Red_River_Delta_of_Northern_Vietnam Study on arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in the Hanoi area, including review of technologies for As removal. |
| Arsenic_Project Harvard University site on the study and remediation of chronic arsenic poisoning. |
| Asia_Arsenic_Network Variety of articles related to arsenic contamination, remediation and effect of arsenic on humans. |
| Groundwater_Pollution_in_Bangladesh Online presentation and maps document the arsenic contamination problem and research into its causes. |
| London_Arsenic_Group Research group based at University of London discusses geochemical & palaeohydrological controls on pollution of groundwater by arsenic. Projects on Bangledesh, West Bengal and Viet Nam. Regularl |
| Natural_Arsenic_in_Groundwater__Science,_Regulation,_and_Health_Implications Summary points of 2001 conference session on arsenic contamination problems. |
| Seymour_High_School_Science_Club Features information about the group's current project about groundwater testing for arsenic and other substances in the Seymour, Wisconsin, USA area. Page includes news, member biographies and photo |
| USGS_-_Arsenic_in_Ground_Water_of_the_United_States Publications, maps, and data on arsenic in U.S. groundwater. Links to other arsenic resources. |
| Cybernetics_and_System_Dynamics__Courses_Online Online Courses of the Catedra UNESCO-UPC. The theory of model construction is explained through the extensive use of study cases. |
| Department_of_Cybernetics_-_University_of_Bradford The Department of Cybernetics, Internet and Virtual Systems. University of Bradford England, UK. |
| IIAS_(International_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies_in_Systems_Research_and_Cybernetics) A non-profit educational organization committed to the development and promotion of Cybernetics and Systems Research in all areas of human endeavour (Ontario, Canada). |
| Systems_Science_Programme Master's Program in Systems Science at the University of Ottawa, Canada. |
![[<b>Ranger</b> Spacecraft]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ranger.html/small_ranger.gif)
![[<b>Ranger</b> 7 image 199]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ranger.html/small_ranger7p199.gif)
![[<b>Ranger</b> 7 image 1]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ranger.html/small_ranger7p1.gif)
Click on the spacecraft name for detailed information on the spacecraft and mission.
Ranger 7
Launched 28 July 1964
Impacted Moon 31 July 1964 at 13:25:49 UT
Latitude 10.70 S, Longitude 339.33 E - Mare Cognitum (Sea That Has Become Known)
Ranger 7 Experiments and Data
Ranger 7 images of the Moon
Ranger 8
Launched 17 February 1965
Impacted Moon 20 February 1965 at 09:57:37 UT
Latitude 2.71 N, Longitude 24.81 E - Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility)
Ranger 8 Experiments and Data
Ranger 8 images of the Moon
Ranger 9
Launched 21 March 1965
Impacted Moon 24 March 1965 at 14:08:20 UT
Latitude 12.91 S, Longitude 357.62 E - Alphonsus crater
Ranger 9 Experiments and Data
Ranger 9 images of the Moon
Each Ranger spacecraft had 6 cameras on board. The cameras were fundamentally
the same with differences in exposure times, fields of view, lenses, and scan rates.
The camera system was divided into two channels, P (partial) and F (full).
Each channel was self-contained with separate power supplies, timers, and transmitters.
The F-channel had 2 cameras: the wide-angle A-camera and the narrow angle B-camera.
The P-channel had four cameras: P1 and P2 (narrow angle) and P3 and P4 (wide angle).
The final F-channel image was taken between 2.5 and 5 sec before impact
(altitude about 5 km) and the last P-channel image 0.2 to 0.4 sec before impact
(altitude about 600 m). The images provided better resolution than was
available from Earth based views by a factor of 1000. These highly detailed images
showed Apollo planners that finding a smooth landing site was not going to
be easy.
![[Final <b>Ranger</b> 7 pictures]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ranger.html/small_ranger7pn199.gif)
Images taken by Ranger 7 one second before impact
![[Red bullet]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov//bullet/red_bullet_half.gif)
More information on Ranger missions and cameras
Lunar Impact: A History of Project Ranger (NASA SP-4210, 1977)
![[NASA Logo]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov//logo/nasa_logo.gif){kind=logo}
Author/Curator:Dr. David R. Williams, dave.williams@nasa.govNSSDC, Mail Code 690.1NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, MD 20771+1-301-286-1258
NASA Official: Ed Grayzeck, edwin.j.grayzeck@nasa.gov
Last Updated: 22 September 2005, DRW
