About site: Chemistry/Elements/Selenium - USGS Minerals Information: Selenium

About site: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/selenium/

Title: Chemistry/Elements/Selenium - USGS Minerals Information: Selenium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

Visual_Elements__Selenium Image, general and physical information, source, uses, key isotopes, and ionisation energies.

WebElements__Selenium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.

Wikipedia__Selenium Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.

Radiochemistry_of_Selenium Full text of the monograph by V. J. Molinski (Union Carbide Corporation, Mining and Metals Division, Research Center, Tuxedo, New York) and G. W. Leddicotte (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,

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USGS Minerals Information: Selenium and Tellurium USGS - science for a changing world

USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS Minerals Information MI Team Home / Commodity / Country / State / Products / Contacts / MI Home > Commodity > Selenium and Tellurium

Selenium and Tellurium Statistics and Information

Publications Contacts Subscribe Commercial quantities of selenium are recovered as a byproduct of the electrolytic refining of copper where it accumulates in anode residues. Growth in consumption was driven by the development of new uses, including applications in rubber compounding, steel alloying, and selenium rectifiers. By 1970, selenium in rectifiers had largely been replaced by silicon, but its use as a photoconductor in plain paper copiers had become its leading application. During the 1980's, the photoconductor application declined (although it was still a large end-use) as more and more copiers using organic photoconductors were produced. In 1996, continuing research showed a positive correlation between selenium supplementation and cancer prevention in humans, but widespread direct application of this important finding would not add significantly to demand owing to the small doses required. In the late 1990's, the use of selenium (usually with bismuth) as an additive to plumbing brasses to meet no-lead environmental standards became important. The average price for selenium in 2000 was $3.82 per pound. Tellurium is a relatively rare element, in the same chemical family as oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and polonium: oxygen and sulfur are nonmetals, polonium is a metal, and selenium and tellurium are semiconductors (i.e., their electrical properties are between those of a metal and an insulator). Nevertheless, tellurium, as well as selenium, is often referred to as a metal when in elemental form. Tellurium production is mainly a byproduct of copper processing. The 1960's brought growth in thermoelectric applications for tellurium, as well as its use in free-machining steel, which became the dominant use. The use of high-purity tellurium in cadmium telluride solar cells is very promising. Some of the highest efficiencies for electric power generation have been obtained by using this material, but this application has not yet caused demand to increase significantly. Commercial-grade tellurium, which is not toxic, is usually marketed as minus 200-mesh powder but is also available as slabs, ingots, sticks, or lumps. The yearend price for tellurium in 2000 was $14 per pound.

Publications

If you are interested in receiving an email notice when a publication is added to this page, please refer to Minerals Information List Services. (To view or print a document in PDF format, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader.) Annual Publications Mineral Commodity Summaries Selenium PDF Format: | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | Tellurium PDF Format: | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | Appendixes Minerals Yearbook Selenium and Tellurium PDF Format: | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | XLS Format: | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | Archive | 1932-1993 | Recycling-Metals Special Publications Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States Data Series 140 Selenium Tellurium Metal Prices in the United States through 1998 Selenium (PDF) Tellurium (PDF) Mineral Commodity Profiles: Selenium OF-03-018

Contacts

USGS Mineral Commodity Specialist Micheal George Phone: 703-648-4962 Fax: 703-648-7757 Email: mgeorge@usgs.gov USGS Mineral Resource Specialists Selenium Tellurium Mineral Resources Eastern / Central / Western / Alaska / Minerals Information Crustal Imaging & Characterization / Spatial Data Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices Take Pride in America logo

U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey URL: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/selenium/index.html Page Maintained By: rcallaghan@usgs.gov Page Last Modified: Thursday, 02-Oct-2008 19:08:01 EDT

Statistics	and	information	on
the	worldwide	supply,	demand,	and
flow	of	the	element	(PDF
format).

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/selenium/

USGS Minerals Information: Selenium 2009 January

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Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

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