About site: Chemistry/Elements/Boron - It's Elemental: Boron
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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Boron - It's Elemental: Boron Basic physical and historical information.
LANL__Boron History, sources, uses, and properties.

Lenntech__Boron Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.

USGS_Minerals_Information__Boron Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

Visual_Elements__Boron Image, animation, source, uses, physical information, and covalent bonds.

WebElements__Boron Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.

Wikipedia__Boron Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.


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It's Elemental - The Element BoronScience EducationJefferson LabJefferson Lab HomeSearch Jefferson LabContact Jefferson LabScience Education HomeTeacher ResourcesStudent ZoneGames and PuzzlesPrograms and EventsSearch EducationPrivacy and Security NoticeIt's Elemental| Previous Element | Table of Elements | Next Element || Boron's Isotope Data Page |

The Element Boron

5BBoron10.811Atomic Number: 5Atomic Weight: 10.811Melting Point: 2348 K (2075°C or 3767°F)Boiling Point: 4273 K (4000°C or 7232°F)Density: 2.37 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature: SolidElement Classification: Semi-metalPeriod Number: 2    Group Number: 13    Group Name: noneWhat's in a name? From the Arabic word Buraq and the Persian word Burah, which are both words for the material "borax."Say what? Boron is pronounced as BO-ron.History and Uses:Boron was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jaques Thénard, French chemists, and independently by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808. They all isolated boron by combining boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium. Today, boron is obtained by heating borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) with carbon, although other methods are used if high-purity boron is required.Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source. Boron-10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors, as a radiation shield and as a neutron detector. Boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.Boron forms several commercially important compounds. The most important boron compound is sodium borate pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Large amounts of this compound are used in the manufacture of fiberglass insulation and sodium perborate bleach. The second most important compound is boric acid (H3BO3), which is used to manufacture textile fiberglass and is used in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), better known as borax, is the third most important boron compound. Borax is used in laundry products and as a mild antiseptic. Borax is also a key ingredient in a substance known as Oobleck, a strange material 6th grade students experiment with while participating in Jefferson Lab's BEAMS program. Other boron compounds are used to make borosilicate glasses, enamels for covering steel and as a potential medicine for treating arthritis.Estimated Crustal Abundance: 1.0×101 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance: 4.44 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes: 2   (View all isotope data)Ionization Energy: 8.298 eVOxidation State: +3Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p1This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information
 

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