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Microscope-Related United States Patents 1853-1915
Microscope-Related United States Patents: 1853-1915
(authored by: www.antique-microscopes.com)
Microscope manufacturing in America began in the
2nd quarter of the 19th century. Before that time, the few
microscopes that were available in this country were imported primarily from
France and England.1, 2 As mentioned by Gage,1 the first American
microscope manufacturer of commercial significance was Charles A. Spencer
(1813-1881). His first microscope was produced around 1838. His earliest stands
were similar to those made by the French maker Charles Chevalier and those of
the English maker Andrew Pritchard.3 However, later in the century,
the Spencer firm, along with several of the other newly established American
manufacturers, began to offer instruments having a more distinct American style.
Many of these newer instruments incorporated important innovations. As might be
expected, some of these innovations were perceived to have commercial value and,
accordingly, patents applications were filed with the United States Patent
Office to protect these inventions. For collectors and historians of antique
microscopes, these early U.S. patent documents are a valuable source of
information. For this reason, the listing of issued U.S. patents presented herein
was prepared. The majority of these patents were granted to American inventors,
although a number of foreign inventors also filed patents in the U.S.. Both kinds of patents
are included. The list contains microscope-related U.S. patents that were
issued between the years 1853 to 1915. These patents were identified in a search
of a commercial database that indexed the full text of patents granted since
1836. Because of a fire at the U.S. patent office in 1836, patent documents created prior to
that time no longer exist. However, a listing of patent titles and the names of
the inventors for patents granted in the years 1790-1829 has been reconstructed
from other sources.4 A search of both this list and the commercial
database showed that there were no microscope-related patents granted prior to
1853. It was decided to restrict the listing to those patents issued before 1916.
The
list below includes the inventor’s name, patent title, patent number, issue
date, a brief description of the significance of the invention, and, where
known, the firm to which the patent was assigned. The list is sorted based on
the patent number and issue date. On an alternate page, the list can be viewed along with the patent drawings.
For
each entry, the patent document can be downloaded by clicking on the patent
number. You will need to have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed on your
computer to access these documents (download it here). Clicking on the patent number will open the
document within a browser window. Alternatively, when using Windows, you can
download the file to your computer by right clicking and choosing “Save Target
As…” from the popup menu.
References:
Gage, S. H., Microscopy in America
(1830-1945), Trans. Amer. Microscopical Soc., LXXXIII, No. 4, supplement, Chap IV, 27, 1964
Wheatland, D. P., The Apparatus of Science at Harvard 1765-1800, Harvard University, 1969, 179-188.
Richards, O., Charles A. Spencer and his Microscopes. Rittenhouse, 2, 1988,
70-81.
List of all U.S. Patents and Patentees: 1790 - 1829
View list with patent drawings
 Click the patent number to download the patent document
Inventor
Title
Patent Number
Date
Comment
H. Le Riemondie
Surgical Instrument for Examining the Ear
9581
Feb. 8, 1853
An ear and eye microscope.
Robert B. Tolles
Optical Instrument
13603
Sept. 25, 1855
A solid eyepiece for use with microscopes or telescopes..
Rene. P. P. Dagron
Portable Microscope
33031
Aug. 13,1861
A miniature simple microscope that can be worn as jewelry.
Henry Craig
Improvement in Microscopes
34409
Feb. 18, 1862
The Craig microscope. A primitive simple microscope.
John Ellis
Improvement in Microscopes
42843
May 24, 1864
A form of "Flea" microscope for opaque objects.
William Wales
Improvement in Microscopes
46511
Feb. 21, 1865
An objective with a correction collar and alternating back lenses.
John J. Bausch
An Improvement in Microscopes
47382
Apr. 25, 1865
A collapsible simple pocket microscope.
Charles B. Richards
Improvements in Adjustments for Optical Instruments
47860
May 23, 1865
A new type of coarse focusing used with some microscopes made by J. & W. Grunow
Charles B. Boyle
Improvement in Lenses.
52672
Feb. 20, 1866
A "cornea" front lens applied to the objective of a microscope or telescope.
Hamilton H. Smith
Improvement in Microscopes
52901
Feb. 27, 1866
A vertical illuminator with rotating diaphragm.
Laban Heath
Improvement in Optical Instruments
54542
May 8, 1866
A combination microscope, telescope, and magnifying glass.
Robert B. Tolles
Binocular Eyepiece for the Microscope
56125
July 3, 1866
Binocular vision is affected within the eyepiece.
Otis N. Chase
Improvement in Microscopes
56178
July 10, 1866
A simple microscope with a transparent chamber
L. F. Morawetz
Vertical Solar Camera
59438
Nov. 6, 1866
Can be applied to a solar microscope.
James H. Logan
Improvement in Single Microscopes
93895
Aug 17, 1869
A botanical type microscope made of wood.
John J. Bausch
Improvement in Microscopes
151746
June 9, 1874
A simple microscope with interchangeable lenses. The B&L Excelsior Pocket Microscope.
George Wale
Improvement in Microscopes
178391
June 6, 1876
A novel focusing arrangement and substage mounting, Wale diaphragm.
Joseph Zentmayer
Improvement in Microscopes
181120
Aug. 15, 1876
A swinging substage for oblique illumination.
Ernst Gundlach
Improvement in Microscopes
182919
Oct. 3, 1876
The fine adjustment used with the first Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
James Pool
Improvement in Walking-Canes
195949
Oct. 9, 1877
A walking cane that can be converted to a microscope or telescope.
Laban Heath
Improvement in Stands for Magnifying-Glasses
198542
Dec. 25, 1877
A magnifying glass on a folding stand.
Ernst Gundlach
Improvements in Stages for Microscopes
198607
Dec. 25, 1877
A glass stage with sliding slide holder as used by Bausch & Lomb.
Robert B. Tolles
Improvement in Microscopes
198782
Jan. 1, 1878
A graduated swinging substage. Used in the Tolles "C" model.
Robert B. Tolles
Improvement in Microscopes
198783
Jan. 1, 1878
An improvement of the swinging substage.
Ernst Gundlach
An Improvement in Object-Glasses for Microscopes
198914
Jan. 1, 1878
An objective with a liquid between the front lens and an outer flat glass front.
John J. Bausch
Improvement in Microscopes
199015
Jan. 8, 1878
The Bausch & Lomb American Agriculturist Microscope.
William B. Closson
Improvment in Finger-rings
203323
May 7, 1878
A Stanhope lens embedded in a finger-ring.
Ernst Gundlach
Improvement in Microscopes
211507
Jan. 21, 1879
A new fine adjustment mechanism and sliding stage.
Henry J. Deal
Improvement in Microscopes for Examining Flour and Bolting-Cloths
214283
Apr. 15, 1879
A simple thread-counting microscope.
Walter H. Bulloch
Improvement in Microscopes
215878
May 27, 1879
A swinging substage with independent movement of the condenser and mirror.
Ernst Gundlach
Improvement in Eye-pieces and Objectives for Telescopes and Microscopes
222132
Dec. 2, 1879
An eyepiece with compound eye-lens.
Walter H. Bulloch
Turn-Tables for Microscope Slides
226648
Apr. 20, 1880
A new form of slide preparation turntable.
E. J. Molera & J. C. Cebrian
Microscope
230320
July 20,1880
A form of inverted binocular microscope
John J. Bausch
Microscope
230688
Aug. 3, 1880
The Bausch & Lomb folding portable dissecting microscope.
John W. Sidle
A Turn-Table for Mounting Microscopic Objects
235030
Nov. 30, 1880
A self-centering slide preparation turn-table with geared mechanism.
Lyman D. McIntosh
Heliostat
250672
Dec. 13, 1881
An arrangement for a solar microscope.
C. F. Lomb & E. Bausch
Trichinoscope
251721
Jan. 3, 1882
An arrangement consisting of a hand-held microscope and compressor.
Benaiah Titcomb
Solar Camera
253959
Feb. 21, 1882
Can be applied to a solar microscope.
Philip H. Yawman
Microscope
262634
Aug. 15, 1882
A differential screw fine adjustment. Used on later Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
Forrest B. Gould
Microscopic Photographic Transparency
271838
Feb. 6, 1883
A microscope for viewing a transparent photograph. A form of Stanhope.
Lyman D. McIntosh
Microscope
273752
March 13, 1883
A microscope with a detachable top section for use as a projection microscope.
Edward Bausch
Microscopic Illuminator
277869
May 22, 1883
Use of an electric light illuminator attached to the substage.
Walter H. Bulloch
Objective Attachment in Microscopes
287904
Nov. 6, 1883
A quick-change objective mounting.
Edward Bausch
Binocular Microscope
293217
Feb. 12, 1884
A novel swivel mounting of the Wenham prism.
William K. Kidder
Microscope
295770
March 25, 1884
A hand-held simple microscope allowing application of an electric current to the specimen.
Edward Bausch
Microscope
328277
Oct. 13, 1885
Manufacturing methods used for Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
Charles Fasoldt
Microscope
334009
Jan. 12, 1886
A geared mechanism for coarse focusing the microscope.
Charles W. Palmer
Glass Slide for Microscopes
336257
Feb. 16, 1886
A beveled glass slide allowing oblique illumination.
Benjamin F. Allen
Microscope
352639
Nov. 16, 1886
A new rack and pinion mechanism for focusing.
Ezra H. Griffith
Microscopist's Turn-table
354130
Dec. 14, 1886
A slide preparation turntable as supplied with the Club microscope.
Edward Bausch
Invertible Microscope
373634
Nov. 22, 1887
Microscopes that convert from conventional to inverted configuration. B&L University and Laboratory models.
Stiles Frost
Microscope
407192
July 16, 1889
A simple microscope with stacked lenses and rotating object holder.
Barton S. Molyneux
Coin-controlled Cyclorama
438170
Oct. 14, 1890
A mechanism that can be used for a coin-controlled "museum" microscope.
A. W. & A. H. Roovers
Coin-controlled Microscope
439189
Oct. 28, 1890
A type of coin operated "Museum" microscope.
A. W. & A. H. Roovers
Coin-controlled Microscope
439190
Oct. 28, 1890
A type of coin operated "Museum" microscope.
Lucius E. Sayre
Dissecting-Microscope
463168
Nov. 17, 1891
A dissecting microscope where the specimen and microscope are held in one hand while in use.
Lancaster Thomas
Compound Microscope
475362
May 24, 1892
A new construction of the rack and pinion of a microscope.
Henry E. Stauffer
Toy Microscope
493529
March 14, 1893
A form of mechanical Stanhope with multiple images.
Ferderick W. Gardam
Toy Microscope
513912
Jan. 30, 1894
A form of Stanhope where images are carried on a circular disk.
Hiram G. Sedgwick
Slow-Motion Attachment for Microscopes
528211
Oct. 30, 1894
A new form of fine adjustment.
Robert L. Stevens
Combined Telescope, Microscope, and Camera
533325
Jan. 29, 1895
A telescope with a slit at the eye-end for a microscope slide.
James P. Swift
Mechanical Stage for Microscopes
536552
March 26, 1895
A detachable mechanical stage. Used on portable models such as the Histological.
Robert L. Stevens
Combined Telescope, Microscope, and Camera
545743
Sept. 3, 1895
A telescope with a slit at the eye-end for a microscope slide.
Lancaster Thomas
Centering Device
571584
Nov. 17, 1896
A substage centering mechanism.
Edward Bausch
Microscope
577344
Feb. 16, 1897
The fine adjustment used on the Bausch & Lomb "continental" models.
Frederick W. Gradam
Microscope
580522
Apr. 13, 1897
A Simple hand-held microscope with objects placed on a rotating disk.
Edward Bausch
Microscope Attachment
588689
Aug. 24, 1897
A detachable mechanical stage used on the B&L continental models.
Anton Wagner
Magnifying Glass
590798
Sept. 28, 1897
A double lens hand-held magnifier
E. Bausch & A. Koehler
Microscope
617007
Jan. 3, 1899
A new substage used with the Bausch & Lomb "continental" models.
Hermann Zirngibl
Microscope
621196
March 14, 1899
The fine adjustment for some Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Edward Bausch
Microscope
658611
Sept. 25, 1900
A Bausch & Lomb case-mounted portable microscope.
Rudolph L. Fierle
Microscope
660372
Oct. 23, 1900
The fine adjustment mechanism used with the Queen & Co. "continental" model.
Hermann Zirngibl
Microscope
663649
Dec. 11, 1900
A fine adjustment and substage for the Spencer Lens Co. instruments.
Hermann Zirngibl
Microscope
663650
Dec. 11, 1900
A substage used with Spencer Lens Co. instruments.
Nathan A. Cobb
Photomicrographic Plate Holder
670842
March 26, 1901
A setup for photomicrography
Joseph Kroulik
Binocular Microscope
678848
July 16, 1901
A stereoscopic binocular microscope.
Frank H. Pierpont
Micrometer
679779
Aug. 6, 1901
A measuring microscope.
Alfred P. Martins
Mechanical Stage for Microscopes
686466
Nov. 12, 1901
A new form of mechanical stage.
Carl F. Dieckmann
Microscope
700409
May 20, 1902
A substage of the Spencer Lens Co. instruments.
Carl F. Dieckmann
Mechanical Stage for Microscopes
703047
June 24, 1902
Used with the Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Frederick E. Ives
A Photographic Attachment for Optical Instruments
707422
Aug. 19, 1902
An arrangement for photomicrography.
E. Bausch & G. Hommel
Microscope
734501
July 28, 1903
A substage for the Bausch & Lomb Opt. Co. instruments.
Frederick E. Ives
Binocular Microscope
739182
Sept. 15, 1903
A form of binocular microscope.
Arthur F. Edney
Microscope
745584
Dec. 1, 1903
A prism attachment to the tube that reverses the image.
William J. Patterson
Objective-Holder for Microscopes
775934
Nov. 29, 1904
A Bausch & Lomb quick change nosepiece.
Carl Reichert
Pivotable-Microscope-stand
814565
March 6, 1906
Reichert's version of the jug-handle microscope.
Otto H. F. Vollbehr
Micrographic Microscope
827896
Aug. 7, 1906
A German hand-held microscope for viewing microphotographs.
Harey N. Ott
Microscope
829422
Aug. 28, 1906
A fine adjustment and carrying-handle for Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Henry H. Hughes
Physician's Cabinet
842669
Jan. 29, 1907
A cabinet with a specific place to store a microscope and slide preparation items.
Alexandrina Taylor
Adjustment Device for Camera Lucidas
853136
May 7, 1907
A new form of adjustable camera lucida for the microscope.
Harey N. Ott
Fine Adjustment Mechanism
866383
Sept 17, 1907
A new side-mounted fine adjustment for the Spencer Lens Co. Jug-handle microscopes.
Edward Bausch
Microscope
873007
Dec. 10, 1907
Focusing mechanisms used with the Bausch & Lomb projection microscope.
Joseph H. Ford
Microscope
883868
Apr. 7, 1908
A microscope with 2 adjustable parabolic substage mirrors.
Robert L. Watkins
Combined Microscope and Camera
893823
July 21, 1908
An arrangement for photomicrography.
Robert L. Watkins
Mechanical Stage for Microscopes and the Like
893957
July 21, 1908
A mechanical stage with oscillating and reciprocating motions using 1 control.
Frank N. Merwin
Photomicrographical Apparatus
899793
Sept. 29, 1908
An apparatus for obtaining stereoscopic pictures of microscopic objects.
Edward Bausch
Nose-piece for Microscopes
905633
Dec. 1, 1908
A rotating objective changer. Bausch & Lomb.
Henry Siedentopf
Illuminating System
929795
Aug. 3, 1909
A form of a Carl Zeiss substage condenser.
Horace A. Reynolds
Microscope Gage for Fine Measurements
936667
Oct.12, 1909
An eyepiece micrometer.
E. Bausch & W. L. Patterson
Microscope
949749
Feb. 22, 1910
A fine adjustment used in the Bausch & Lomb jug-handle model microscope.
Jaun N. Arriaga
Eyepiece for Magnifying Instruments
967143
Aug. 9, 1910
A multi-lens eyepiece.
Albert Sauveur
A Magnetic Specimen-Holder for Microscopes
977842
Dec. 6, 1910
A magnetic mechanical stage for use with metals.
James G. Poe
Microtome attachment for Microscopes
979333
Dec. 20, 1910
A microtome that attaches to the microscope.
H. N. Ott & K. Leuchsenring
Fine Adjustment for Microscopes
987393
March 21, 1911;
Found on the Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Albert Sauveur
Microscope-Bridge and Electromagnetic Stage
1007978
Nov. 7, 1911
A microscope with an electromagnetic stage for examining metals.
Henry Siedentopf
Collective System
1016369
Feb. 6, 1912
Carl zeiss dark field microscope condenser.
H. N. Ott & K. Leuchsenring
Nose-Piece for Microscopes
1023390
Apr. 16, 1912
A rotating objective holder for Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Emory W. Goodrich
Projection Apparatus
1038349
Sept. 10, 1912
Can be applied to a projection microscope.
Robert L. Watkins
Photomicrographic and Projection Apparatus
1049182
Dec. 31, 1912
A setup for Photomicrography
E. Bausch et. al.
Projection Apparatus
1059969
Apr. 29, 1913
Can be applied to a projection microscope.
Charles H. Pixyl
Corneal Microscope
1073436
Sept. 16, 1913
Assigned to the F. A. Hardy & Co.
Henery Hayes
Mechanical Microscope-stage
1080968
Dec. 9, 1913
A form of mechanical stage.
Franz Meyer
Device for the Fine Adjustment of Microscopes
1106956
Aug. 11, 1914
Used in Carl Zeiss, Jena microscopes.
William L. Patterson
Microscope
1115011
Oct, 27, 1914
A fine adjustment for Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
Ferdinand Putz
Microscope
1117242
Nov. 17, 1914
A microscope with a removable stage.
William L. Patterson
Fine Adjustment for Microscopes
1123583
Jan. 5, 1915
A fine adjustment for Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
Alfred Cornell
Microscope and Telescope
1128761
Feb. 16, 1915
The Davidson, London combination microscope and telescope.
Harvey N. Ott
Microscope
1129502
Feb. 23, 1915
A Substage used with Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Philip A. Sheaff
Circle-Drawing Attachments for Microscopes
1129742
Feb. 23, 1915
An attachment that fits on the objective mounting that can mark a circle on the slide.
Nathan A. Cobb
Microscope-Cover-Glass-Centering Device
1139165
May 11, 1915
A simple method to center the cover glass.
Tiodolf Lidberg
Microscope Warm Stage
1144941
June 29, 1915
A hot stage activated by electric heating.
Tiodolf Lidberg
An Incubator for Microscope-Stages
1144942
June 29, 1915
A hot stage with trough activated by electric heating.
H. N. Ott & K. Leuchsenring
Microscopes
1149401
Aug. 10, 1915
The focusing adjustments for Spencer Lens Co. microscopes.
Robert L. Watkins
Photomicrographic Camera
1161556
Nov. 23, 1915
An arrangement for photomicrography.
Additional non-indexed patents 1916-1922:
1167425
1223197
1241354
1311186
1187970
1223198
1264489
1316050
1197390
1225167
1267287
1360571
1197391
1427714
1283884
1418645
1214851
1234795
1311185
Feel free
to visit
my
web site
and view
some of the antique
microscopes in my
collection.
Email contact:
Allan Wissner
HOME
(c)2006 Allan
Wissner
(www.antique-microscopes.com)
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