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  About site: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kstanek/DIRECT/

Title: Astronomy/Galaxies - DIRECT Project Homepage Determining the distances to nearby galaxies.
Dust_in_Spiral_Galaxies HST and ISO Results.

European_Network__The_Formation_and_Evolution_of_Galaxies Purpose is to understand the creation of galaxies and the universe has evolved. Plans to study distant galaxies at optical, infrared, and radio frequencies.

Extragalactic_bookmarks List of resources dedicaced to extragalactic astronomy: Databases, projects, education ...

Faulkes_Telescope_Educational_Guide_-_Galaxies Some useful information about the formation of galaxies.

Galaxies NASA Windows to the Universe. Includes illustrations and introductory information about a variety of galaxies.

Galaxies Contains a set of notes by Nick Strobel. Topics include the structure of the Milky Way, the characteristics of other galaxies, and finding distances to other galaxies.

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Please visit: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kstanek/DIRECT/
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DIRECT Project Homepage

Determining the distances to nearby galaxies

The two nearby galaxies - M31 and M33, are stepping stones to most ofour current effort to understand the evolving universe at largescales. They are essential to the calibration of the extragalacticdistance scale and for constraining population synthesis models forearly galaxy formation and evolution. There is one simple requirementfor all this - accurate distances. Detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) have the potential toestablish distances to M31 and M33 with an unprecedented accuracy ofbetter than 5% and possibly to better than 1%. These distances are nowknown to no better than 10-15%, as there are discrepancies of 0.2-0.3mag between various distance indicators. Eclipsing binaries offer asingle step distance determination to these galaxies and may thereforeprovide an accurate zero point calibration - a major step towards veryaccurate determination of the Hubble constant. DEBs have notbeen used so far as distance indicators to M31 and M33. Only nowavailability of large format CCD detectors and inexpensive CPUs makesit possible to organize a massive search for periodic variables, whichis producing a handful of good DEB candidates. These can then beobserved with the powerful new 6.5-10 meter telescopes.As a first step of the DIRECT project, between September 1996and November 1999 we obtained about 200 full/partial nights on theF. L. Whipple Observatory (FLWO) 1.2-meter telescope and theMichigan-Dartmouth-MIT (MDM) 1.3-meter telescope to search fordetached eclipsing binaries and Cepheids in the M31 and the M33galaxies. The second step involved obtaining precise light curves for2 selected targets in M33 with the Kitt Peak 2.1 meter over 27 nightsin 1999 and 2001. In 2002-2004, we obtained a total of 4 nights on theKeck II 10 meter telescope and 19 hours on the 8 meter Geminitelescope for the spectroscopic follow-up of the brightest DEB (V=19.5mag). With infrared photometry from Gemini we constrained theextinction to the system and measured a 6% distance to M33: 964+/-54kpc (24.92 +/- 0.12 mag).The massive photometry provides us with good light curves forDEBs and for Cepheid variables, which is essential to theparallel project to derive direct Baade-Wesselink distances toCepheids in M31 and M33. With both Cepheids and eclipsing binaries thedistances to M31 and M33 will be free of any intermediate steps (hencethe DIRECT). DIRECT papers: January 2007 * Paper The First DIRECT Distance Determination to a Detached Eclipsing Binaryin M33 by Bonanos, Stanek, Kudritzki, Macri et al. was publishedin the Astrophysical Journal (November 2006)(also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The RR Lyrae Distance to the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy byBonanos et al. was published in the Astronomical Journal (February 2004) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Invited talk The DIRECT Project by Macri, was published in theproceedings of the IAU Colloquium 193, "Variable stars in the LocalGroup", D.W. Kurtz & K. Pollard, eds. (2004)(also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Contributed talk Determining AccurateDistances to Nearby Galaxies by Bonanos, was published in theproceedings of the 6th Hellenic Astronomical Conference (September 2003) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. IX. Variables in the Field M31YDiscovered with Image Subtraction by Bonanos et al. waspublished in the Astronomical Journal (July2003) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. VIII. Additional Variables in theField M33B Discovered with Image Subtraction by Mochejska etal. was published in the Astronomical Journal (November 2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The DIRECT Project: Influence of Blending on the CepheidDistance Scale. II. Cepheids in M33 by Mochejska et al. wassubmitted to the Astronomical Journal (March2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The DIRECT Project: Catalogs of Stellar Objects in NearbyGalaxies. II. Eastern arm and NGC 206 in M31 by Mochejska etal. was published in the Astronomical Journal (September 2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper A Cepheid is no More: Hubble's Variable 19 in M33 byMacri, Sasselov and Stanek was published in the Astrophysical JournalLetters (April 2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. VII. Additional Variables in theField M33A Discovered with Image Subtraction by Mochejska etal. was published in the Astronomical Journal (April2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. VI. Variables in the Central Part ofM33 by Macri et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (February 2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The DIRECT Project: Catalogs of Stellar Objects in NearbyGalaxies. I. The Central Part of M33 by Macri et al. waspublished in the Astronomical Journal (February2001) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper The DIRECT Project: Influence of Blending on the CepheidDistance Scale. I. Cepheids in M31 by Mochejska et al. waspublished in the Astronomical Journal (August2000) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. V. Variables in the FieldM31F by Mochejska et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (November 1999) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. IV. Variables in the FieldM31D by Kaluzny et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (July 1999) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. III. Variables in the FieldM31C by Stanek et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (June 1999) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper Identification and photometry of globular clusters in M31 and M33 galaxies by Mochejska et al. was published in the ActaAstronomica (1998, 48, 455)(also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. II. Variables in the FieldM31A by Stanek et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (May 1998) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) * Paper DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using DetachedEclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. I. Variables in the FieldM31B by Kaluzny et al. was published in the AstronomicalJournal (March 1998) (also in the astro-phpreprint server) More DIRECT stuff: October 2003 * Get the light curves andfinding charts of variables found in the Dracodwarf spheroidal galaxy. * Get the light curves andfinding chart for Hubble'sVariable 19 in M33 (additional material here). * Get the BVI stellarcatalog of the central part of M33 (fields M33ABC) and for M31 (fields M31ABCDF). * Get the finding charts and BVI data of variables in fields M31B,M31A,M31C,M31D,M31F,M31Y,M33AB,M33A-KPNO * We can also makeavailable the CCD images for the fields which were processed by us,i.e. at this point seven fields M31A,M31B, M31C, M31D, M31F, M33A, M33B. Because of the size (>1GBy of data per field), we do not keep them permanently on the WWW, soplease write to kstanek@cfa.harvard.edu toarrange the transfer. * Have a look at our posters (along with the poster-making softwareassemble) from the 189th AAS meeting in Toronto (January1997) * See some lightcurves of variables wedetect in M31 and M33 * DIRECT fields in 1996 and 1997; below the field M31F in colorThis picture was made, using DIRECT data, by Barbara Mochejska,and was featured by Astronomy Pictureof the Day and as HotImage on the CfA Home Page. People: *David Bersier *Janusz Kaluzny *Lucas M. Macri *Barbara J. Mochejska *Dimitar D. Sasselov *Krzysztof Z. Stanek *John L. Tonry *Alceste Z. Bonanos Some related links : * Paper Two Confirmed Cataclysmic Variables in the Old Stellar Cluster NGC6791 by Kaluzny et al., partly based on the data collectedduring the 1996 DIRECT season, appeared on Dec. 10th, 1997 inthe Astrophysical Journal Red Clump as a distanceindicator in the Local Group - Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment SINS - The Supernova INtensive Study HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission CASTLe - CfA-ArizonaSpaceTelescopeLensSurvey *Whipple (FLWO) Observatory *Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT (MDM) Observatory *W. M. Keck Observatory *Chris Kochanek's (CfA) Cepheids light curves and their model fits *McMaster Cepheid Photometry and Radial Velocity Data Archive *David Dunlap Observatory Galactic Cepheid Database *Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)M31 and M33 Homepages * Check out the review paper Detached eclipsing binariesas primary distance and age indicators by Bohdan Paczynski This file is maintained by Alceste Bonanos and Krzysztof Stanek. January 2007. You are visitor since April 1st,1999.
 

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