About site: Chemistry/Elements/Germanium - USGS Minerals Information: Germanium
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  About site: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/

Title: Chemistry/Elements/Germanium - USGS Minerals Information: Germanium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).
WebElements__Germanium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.

Wikipedia__Germanium Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.

Radiochemistry_of_Germanium Full text of the monograph by Jacob A. Marinsky (University of Buffalo, Dept. of Chemistry, Buffalo, New York). [PDF] (July, 1961)

Apsidium__Darmstadtium Basic information and atomic structure.

IUPAC__Darmstadtium A note about confirmation of synthesis of the element 110.

Wikipedia__Darmstadtium Basic physical and historical information.


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USGS Minerals Information: Germanium USGS - science for a changing world USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS Minerals Information   MI Team Home /  Commodity /  Country /  State /  Products /  Contacts /  MI Home > Commodity > Germanium

Germanium Statistics and Information

Publications Contact Subscribe Germanium is mainly a byproduct of zinc ore processing.  It is a hard, grayish-white element; it has a metallic luster and the same crystal structure as diamond; and it is brittle, like glass.  In addition, it is important to note that germanium is a semiconductor, with electrical properties between those of a metal and an insulator.  The development of the germanium transistor opened the door to countless applications of solid-state electronics.  From 1950 through the early 1970's, this area provided an increasing market for germanium, but then high purity silicon began replacing germanium in transistors, diodes, and rectifiers.   Meanwhile, demand for germanium in fiber optics communication networks, infrared night vision systems, and polymerization catalysts increased dramatically.  These end uses represented 85% of worldwide germanium consumption for 2000.  World germanium consumption has been greater than primary production in recent years, but releases of germanium from government stockpiles and increased recycling have provided adequate supply.  The yearend price for germanium in 2000 was $1,150 per kilogram.

bullet Publications

If you are interested in receiving an email notice when a publication is added to this page, please refer to Minerals Information List Services. (To view or print a document in PDF format, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader.) Annual Publications Mineral Commodity Summaries Germanium   PDF Format:      | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | Appendixes Minerals Yearbook Germanium   PDF Format:      | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |   XLS Format:      | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | Archive      | 1932-1993 | Special Publications Germanium Recycling in the United States in 2000 Open-File Report 2005-1274 Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States Data Series 140 Germanium Metal Prices in the United States through 1998 Germanium (PDF) Mineral Commodity Profiles: Germanium Open-File Report 2004-1218

bullet Contact

USGS Mineral Commodity Specialist David E. Guberman Phone: 703-648-4977 Fax: 703-648-7757 Email: dguberman@usgs.gov  Mineral Resources Eastern /  Central /  Western /  Alaska /  Minerals Information Crustal Imaging & Characterization /  Spatial Data Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices Take Pride in America logo USA.gov logo U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey URL: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/index.html Page Maintained By: rcallaghan@usgs.gov Page Last Modified: Tuesday, 07-Oct-2008 11:10:39 EDT
 

Statistics

and

information

on

the

worldwide

supply,

demand,

and

flow

of

the

element

(PDF

format).

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/

USGS Minerals Information: Germanium 2008 December

dvd rental

dvd


Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

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