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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Cesium - It's Elemental: Cesium Basic physical and historical information.
LANL__Cesium History, sources, properties, and costs.

Lenntech__Cesium Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.

USGS_Minerals_Information__Cesium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

Visual_Elements__Caesium Image, general and physical information, and key isotopes.

WebElements__Caesium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties.

Wikipedia__Caesium Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.


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It's Elemental - The Element CesiumPrivacy and Security NoticeJefferson LabJefferson Lab HomeSearchContact JLabScience Education----------------------Science Education HomeTeacher ResourcesStudent ZoneGames and PuzzlesPrograms and EventsSearch EducationIt's ElementalPrevious ElementPrevious ElementTable of ElementsNext ElementNext Element 55CsCesium132.9054519CesiumAtomic Number:55Atomic Weight:132.9054519Melting Point:301.59 K (28.44°C or 83.19°F)Boiling Point:944 K (671°C or 1240°F)Density:1.93 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature:SolidElement Classification:MetalPeriod Number:6Group Number:1Group Name:Alkali MetalWhat's in a name?From the Latin word for sky blue, caesius.Say what?Cesium is pronounced as SEE-zi-em.History and Uses:Cesium was discovered by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff, German chemists, in 1860 through the spectroscopic analysis of Durkheim mineral water. They named cesium after the blue lines they observed in its spectrum. Today, cesium is primarily obtained from the mineral pollucite (CsAlSi2O6). Obtaining pure cesium is difficult since cesium ores are frequently contaminated with rubidium, an element that is chemically similar to cesium. To obtain pure cesium, cesium and rubidium ores are crushed and heated with sodium metal to 650°C, forming an alloy that can then be separated with a process known as fractional distillation. Metallic cesium is too reactive to easily handle and is usually sold in the form of cesium azide (CsN3). Cesium is recovered from cesium azide by heating it.Cesium has the second lowest melting point of all metallic elements, which limits its uses. Cesium readily combines with oxygen and is used as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases from vacuum tubes. Cesium is also used in atomic clocks, in photoelectric cells and as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds. Since it is easily ionized and has a high mass, cesium ions may one day be used as a propellant in ion engines on spacecraft.Cesium reacts violently with water and ice, forming cesium hydroxide (CsOH). Cesium hydroxide is the strongest base known and will attack glass. Cesium chloride (CsCl) and cesium nitrate (CsNO3) are cesium's most common compounds and are primarily used in the production of other chemicals.Estimated Crustal Abundance:3 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance:3×10-4 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes:1(View all isotope data)Ionization Energy:3.894 eVOxidation State:+1Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p66s1This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information
 

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