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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Platinum - WebElements: Platinum Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties.
Wikipedia__Platinum Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.

Radiochemistry_of_Platinum Full text of the monograph by G. W. Leddicotte (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee). [PDF] (October, 1961)

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Platinum

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Platinum: the essentials

platinum symbol icon  Brief description: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum together make up a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGM).Platinum is a beautiful silvery-white metal, when pure, and is malleable and ductile. It has a coefficient of expansion almost equal to that of soda-lime-silica glass, and is therefore used to make sealed electrodes in glass systems.The metal does not oxidise in air. It is insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid, but dissolves when they are mixed as aqua regia, forming chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), an important compound. It is corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulphur and alkalis. Hydrogen and oxygen gas mixtures explode in the presence of platinum wire.Table: basic information about and classifications of platinum. Name: Platinum Symbol: Pt Atomic number: 78 Atomic weight: 195.084 (9) Standard state: solid at 298 KCAS Registry ID: 7440-06-4 Group in periodic table: 10 Group name: Precious metal or platinum group metal Period in periodic table: 6 Block in periodic table: d-block Colour: greyish whiteClassification: Metallica platinum crucibleThe above shows a platinum crucible.

Isolation

Isolation: it would not normally be necessary to make a sample of platinum in the laboratory as the metal is available commercially. The industrial extraction of platinum is complex as the metal occurs in ores mixed with other metals such as palladium and gold. Sometimes extraction of the precious metals such as platinum and palladium is the main focus of a partiular industrial operation while in other cases it is a byproduct. The extraction is complex and only worthwhile since platinum is the basis of important catalysts in industry.Preliminary treatment of the ore or base metal byproduct with aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric acid, HCl, and nitric acid, HNO3) gives a solution containing complexes of gold and palladium as well as H2PtCl6. The gold is removed from this solution as a precipitate by treatment with iron chloride (FeCl2). The platinum is precipitated out as impure (NH4)2PtCl6 on treatment with NH4Cl, leaving H2PdCl4 in solution. The (NH4)2PtCl6 is burned to leave an impure platinum sponge. This can be purified by redissolving in aqua regia, removal of rhodium and iridium impurities by treatment of the solution with sdoium bromate, and precipitation of pure (NH4)2PtCl6 by treatment with ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH. This yields platinum metal by burning.

WebElements Shop

WebElements now has an online shop at which you can buy periodic table posters, mugs, T-shirts, games, molecular models, and more.WebElements posterPeriodic table t-shirtsPeriodic table mouse matsMolymod molecular model kitsPeriodic table card gamesIsotope dataCrystal structureElectronic dataHistoryGeologyAtom sizesCompoundsplatinum atomic number Platinum locationRhPdAgIrPtAuMtDsRgActiniumAluminiumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCaesiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermaniumGoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumManganeseMeitneriumMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassiumPraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRoentgeniumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulfurSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUnunbiumUnunhexiumUnunoctiumUnunpentiumUnunquadiumUnunseptiumUnuntriumUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconiumplatinum symbolSearch WebElements Search Chemistry Web@import url(http://www.google.com/cse/api/branding.css); Google Custom Search Union flag icon PlatinumFrench flag icon PlatineGerman flag icon PlatinDutch flag icon PlatinaItalian flag icon PlatinoSpanish flag icon PlatinoSwedish flag icon PlatinaPortuguese flag icon PlatinaPlatinumEssential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolationHistory: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the elementFind a propertyPlatinum around usUsesGeology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streamsBiology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)Platinum compoundsCompounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentialsElectronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and AllenBond enthalpies of diatomic speciesLattice energiesElement propertiesPhysics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of soundImagesReactions of platinum: reactions of platinum with air; water; halogens; acids; and basesCrystal structureThermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic propertiesAtom propertiesElectron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectraAtom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radiusAtomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maximaNuclear propertiesIsotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic momentNMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivitiesBooksChemistry Books (CA)Chemiebücher (DE)Livres de chimie (FR)Medical Bookshop (UK)Medical Bookstore (USA)Physics Bookshop (UK)Biology Bookshop (UK)Law, Business, and Finance Bookshop (UK)Scientific book store (USA)Scientific book store (UK)WebElements ShopPalmElementsFlashElementsWapElementsPrintable tableSponsor calciumChemputerWebElements HomeAbout WebElementsCopyrightAcknowledgementsHelpWebElements: the periodic table on the WWW [http://webelements.com/]Copyright 1993-2009 Mark Winter [The University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd, UK]. All rights reserved. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pt/key.html/" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-1258893-1");pageTracker._initData();pageTracker._trackPageview();
 

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