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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Nickel - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Nickel Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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It\'s_Elemental__Nickel Basic physical and historical information.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Nickel – Ni (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Nickel – NiComprehensive data on the chemical element Nickel is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Nickel.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Nickel Menu
Nickel Page One
Overview of Nickel
Nickel's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Nickel
Chemical Properties of Nickel
Physical Properties of Nickel
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Nickel Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Nickel Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Nickel
Overview of Nickel
Atomic Number:28
Group: 10
Period: 4
Series: Transition Metals
Nickel's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: NiccolumCzech: NiklCroatian: NikalFrench:
NickelGerman: Nickel - rItalian: NichelNorwegian: NikkelPortuguese: Niquel
Russian:  Spanish: NíquelSwedish:
Nickel
Atomic Structure of Nickel
Atomic Radius: 1.62Å
Atomic Volume: 6.59cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.15Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) a/barns: 4.49
Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d8
4s2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,16,2
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.69Å
Filling Orbital: 3d8
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 28
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 31
Number of Protons: 28
Oxidation States: 2,3
Valence Electrons: 3d8 4s2
Chemical Properties of Nickel
Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.095g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 5.15eV
Electronegativity: 1.91 (Pauling); 1.75 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 17.47kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Strong acids, sulfur, selenium, wood & other combustibles, nickel nitrate
Ionization PotentialFirst: 7.635Second: 18.168Third: 35.17
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 42
Physical Properties of Nickel
Atomic Mass Average: 58.6934
Boiling Point: 3005K 2732°C 4950°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 13.3E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.143 106/cm  Thermal: 0.907 W/cmK
Density: 8.9g/cc @ 300K
Description:A silvery-white transition metal that is malleable and ductile. Nickel resists corrosion but is soluble in acids. It is, however, unaffected by alkalis.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 180/GPaRigidity: 76/GPaYoungs: 200/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 422.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 17.57 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 371.8 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Combustible Solid
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 700 MN m-2Mohs: 4Vickers: 638 MN m-2
Heat of Vaporization: 370.4kJ/mol
Melting Point: 1726K 1453°C 2647°F
Molar Volume: 6.59 cm3/mole
Optical Reflectivity: 72%
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.44J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 237Pa@1453°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-02-0
RTECS: QR5950000 (metal)OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 1 mg/m3
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 1 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 0.015 mg/m3IDLH: 10 mg/m3 (Potential NIOSH carcinogen)
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Nasal cavities, lungs, skin
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 0.01-0.05Bone/p.p.m: <0.7Liver/p.p.m: 0.02-1.8Muscle/p.p.m: 1-2Daily Dietary Intake: 0.3-0.5 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 15 mg
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Axel F CronstedtDiscovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
Discovery Year: 1751Name Origin: German: kupfernickel (Devil's copper).
Abundance of Nickel:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 80
Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: 0.0001Atlantic Deep: 0.0004Pacific Surface: 0.0001Pacific Deep: 0.00057
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 1910000
Sources of Nickel:Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] and garnierite ores. Annual world production is over 1,300,000 tons. The primary mining areas are Russia, South Africa, Australia, New Caledonia, Cuba, Indonesia, USA and Canada.
Uses of Nickel:Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins.
Additional Notes:
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Nickel Menu
Nickel Page One
Overview of Nickel
Nickel's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Nickel
Chemical Properties of Nickel
Physical Properties of Nickel
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Nickel Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Nickel Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Nickel
Related Resources
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Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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