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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Cobalt - LANL: Cobalt History, sources, properties, and uses.
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Lenntech__Cobalt Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.
| USGS_Minerals_Information__Cobalt Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).
| Visual_Elements__Cobalt Image, general and physical information, source, uses, biological role, key isotopes, and ionisation energies.
| WebElements__Cobalt Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.
| Wikipedia__Cobalt Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.
| Radiochemistry_of_Cobalt Full text of the monograph by L.C. Bate (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee). [PDF] (September, 1961)
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Cobalt
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Atomic Number:
27
Atomic Radius:
124.3 pm
Atomic Symbol:
Co
Melting Point:
1495 șC
Atomic Weight:
58.9332
Boiling Point:
2927 șC
Electron Configuration:
[Ar]4s23d7
Oxidation
States:
3, 2
History
(Ger. Kobald: goblin or evil spirit; Gr. cobalos: mine) Brandt
discovered cobalt in about 1735.
Sources
Cobalt occurs in the minerals cobaltite, smaltite, and erythrite, and is often
associated with nickel , silver ,
lead
, copper , and iron ores, from which it is most frequently obtained
as a by-product. It is also present in meteorites.
Important ore deposits are found in Zaire, Morocco, and Canada. The U.S. Geological
Survey has announced that the bottom of the north central Pacific Ocean may have
cobalt-rich deposits at relatively shallow depths in water close to the the Hawaiian
Islands and other U.S. Pacific territories.
Properties
Cobalt is a brittle, hard metal, resembling iron and nickel in appearance. It has a
metallic permeability of about two thirds that of iron. Cobalt tends to exist as a mixture
of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is sluggish and
accounts in part for the wide variation in reported data on physical properties of cobalt.
Uses
It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual
magnetic strength with many important uses. Stellite alloys, containing cobalt,
chromium , and tungsten
, are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high temperature cutting tools, and for dies.
Cobalt is also used in other magnetic steels and stainless steels, and in alloys used
in jet turbines and gas turbine generators. The metal is used in electroplating because of
its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation.
Cobalt salts have been used for centuries to produce brilliant and permanent blue colors
in porcelain, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. It is the principal ingredient in Sevre's and Thenard's blue. A solution of the chloride is used as a sympathetic ink.
Cobalt carefully used in the form of the chloride, sulfate, acetate, or nitrate has been
found effective in correcting a certain mineral deficiency disease in animals.
Soils should contain 0.13 to 0.30 ppm of cobalt for proper animal nutrition.
Isotope
Cobalt-60, an artificial isotope, is an important gamma ray source, and is extensively
used as a tracer and a radiotherapeutic agent.
Costs
Single compact sources of Cobalt-60 vary from about $1 to $10/curie, depending on
quantity and specific activity.
Handling
Exposure to cobalt (metal fumes and dust) should be limited to 0.05 mg/m3 (8-hour time-weighted average 40-hour week).
Title Picture: Supplimental colbalt is essential in sheep's diets to prevent
the sheep disease Swayback, and to improve the wool quality. .
Sources: CRC Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics and the American Chemical Society.
 
Last Updated: 12/15/2003,©
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