About site: Chemistry/Elements/Cobalt - It's Elemental: Cobalt

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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Cobalt - It's Elemental: Cobalt Basic physical and historical information.

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It's Elemental - The Element CobaltPrivacy and Security Notice

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27CoCobalt58.933195CobaltAtomic Number:27Atomic Weight:58.933195Melting Point:1768 K (1495°C or 2723°F)Boiling Point:3200 K (2927°C or 5301°F)Density:8.86 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature:SolidElement Classification:MetalPeriod Number:4Group Number:9Group Name:noneWhat's in a name?From the German word for goblin or evil spirit, kobald and the Greek word for mine, cobalos.Say what?Cobalt is pronounced as KO-bolt.History and Uses:Cobalt was discovered by Georg Brandt, a Swedish chemist, in 1739. Brandt was attempting to prove that the ability of certain minerals to color glass blue was due to an unknown element and not to bismuth, as was commonly believed at the time. Cobalt's primary ores are cobaltite (CoAsS) and erythrite (Co3(AsO4)2). Cobalt is usually recovered as a byproduct of mining and refining nickel, silver, lead, copper and iron.Although cobalt is used in electroplating to give objects an attractive surface that resists oxidation, it is more widely used to form alloys. Alnico, an alloy consisting of aluminum, nickel and cobalt is used to make powerful permanent magnets. Stellite alloys, which contain cobalt, chromium and tungsten, are used to make high-speed and high temperature cutting tools and dyes. Cobalt is also used to make alloys for jet engines and gas turbines, magnetic steels and some types of stainless steels.Cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope of cobalt, is an important source of gamma rays and is used to treat some forms of cancer and as a medical tracer. Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.27 years and decays into nickel-60 through beta decay.Cobalt compounds have been used for centuries to color porcelain, glass, pottery, tile and enamel. Some of these compounds are known as: cobalt blue, ceruleum, new blue, smalt, cobalt yellow and cobalt green. In addition to being used as a dye, cobalt is also important to human nutrition as it is an essential part of vitamin B12.Estimated Crustal Abundance:2.5×101 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance:2×10-5 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes:1(View all isotope data)Ionization Energy:7.881 eVOxidation States:+3, +2Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information

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