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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Cobalt - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Cobalt Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Cobalt – Co (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Cobalt – CoComprehensive data on the chemical element Cobalt is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Cobalt.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Cobalt Menu
Cobalt Page One
Overview of Cobalt
Cobalt's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Cobalt
Chemical Properties of Cobalt
Physical Properties of Cobalt
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Cobalt Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Cobalt Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Cobalt
Overview of Cobalt
Atomic Number:27
Group: 9
Period: 4
Series: Transition Metals
Cobalt's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: CobaltumCzech: KobaltCroatian: KobaltFrench:
CobaltGerman: Kobalt - rItalian: CobaltoNorwegian: KoboltPortuguese: Cobalto
Russian:  Spanish: CobaltoSwedish:
Kobolt
Atomic Structure of Cobalt
Atomic Radius: 1.67Å
Atomic Volume: 6.7cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.16Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) a/barns: 37.2
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d7
4s2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,15,2
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.745Å
Filling Orbital: 3d7
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 27
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 32
Number of Protons: 27
Oxidation States: 2,3
Valence Electrons: 3d7 4s2
Chemical Properties of Cobalt
Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.0994g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 5eV
Electronegativity: 1.88 (Pauling); 1.7 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 16.19kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Strong oxidizers, ammonium nitrate
Ionization PotentialFirst: 7.86Second: 17.06Third: 33.5
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 38.7
Physical Properties of Cobalt
Atomic Mass Average: 58.9332
Boiling Point: 3143K 2870°C 5198°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 13.36E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.172 106/cm  Thermal: 1 W/cmK
Density: 8.9g/cc @ 300K
Description:Tough silver-white transition metal.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 181.5/GPaRigidity: 82/GPaYoungs: 211/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 26.8 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 15.23 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 382.4 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 700 MN m-2Mohs: 5Vickers: 1043 MN m-2
Heat of Vaporization: 376.5kJ/mol
Melting Point: 1768K 1495°C 2723°F
Molar Volume: 6.61 cm3/mole
Optical Reflectivity: 67%
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.42J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 175Pa@1495°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-48-4
RTECS: GF8750000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 0.1 mg/m3
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 0.05 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 0.05 mg/m3IDLH: 20 mg/m3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Skin, respiratory system
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 0.0002-0.04Bone/p.p.m: 0.01-0.04Liver/p.p.m: 0.06-1.1Muscle/p.p.m: 0.028-0.65Daily Dietary Intake: 0.005-1.8 mgTotal Mass In Avg.
70kg human: 3 mg
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: George BrandtDiscovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
Discovery Year: 1735Name Origin: German: kobalt or kobold (evil spirit); Greek: cobalos (mines).
Abundance of Cobalt:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 20
Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: N/AAtlantic Deep: N/APacific Surface: 0.0000069Pacific Deep: 0.0000011
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 79400
Sources of Cobalt:Occurs in compounds with arsenic, oxygen and sulfur as in cobaltine (CoAsS) and linneite (Co3S4). Annual world production is around 17,000 tons. Primary mining areas are in Zaire, Morocco, Sweden and Canada.
Uses of Cobalt:Used in many hard alloys; for magnets, ceramics and special glasses. Also used in permanent magnets, razor blades and catalitic converters. Cobalt-60 is used in cancer therapy.
Additional Notes:
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Cobalt Menu
Cobalt Page One
Overview of Cobalt
Cobalt's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Cobalt
Chemical Properties of Cobalt
Physical Properties of Cobalt
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Cobalt Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Cobalt Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Cobalt
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Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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