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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Potassium - Lenntech: Potassium Physical data, chemical properties, and health effects.
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Potassium Data tables and historic information.
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| Radiochemistry_of_Potassium Full text of the monograph by William T. Mullins and G. W. Leddicotte (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee). [PDF] (November, 1961)
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Potassium (K) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
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Chemical properties of potassium
- Health
effects of potassium - Environmental effects of
potassium
Atomic number
19
Atomic mass
39.0983 g.mol -1
Electronegativity
according to Pauling
0.8
Density
0.86 g.cm -3 at 0 °C
Melting point
63.2 °C
Boiling point
760 °C
Vanderwaals
radius
0.235 nm
Ionic radius
0.133 (+1)
Isotopes
5
Electronic
shell
[ Ar ] 4s1
Energy of
first ionisation
418.6 kJ.mol -1
Discovered by
Sir Davy in 1808
Potassium
The name is derived from the english word potash. The
chemical symbol K comes from kalium, the Mediaeval Latin for
potash, which may have derived from the arabic word qali, meaning
alkali.
Potassium is a soft, silvery-white metal, member of the alkali group of
the periodic chart. Potassium is silvery when first cut but it oxidizes
rapidly in air and tarnishes within minutes, so it is generally stored
under oil or grease. It is light enough to float into water with which
it reacts instantly to release hydrogen, which burns with a lilac flame.
The chemistry of potassium is almost etirely that of the potassium ion,
K+.
Applications
Most potassium (95 %) goes into fertilizers and the rest goes mainly
into making potassium hydroxide (KOH), by the electrolysis of potassium
chloride solution, and then converting this to potassium carbonate (K2CO3).
Potassium carbonate goes into glass manufacture, expecially the glass
used to make televisions, while potassium hydroxide is used to make
liquid soaps and detergents. A little potassium chloride goes into
pharmaceuticals, medical drips and saline injections.
Other potassium salts are used in baking, photography and tanning
leather, and to make iodize salts. In all cases it is the negative
anion, not the potassium, which is the key to their use.
Potassium in the environment
Most potassium occurs in the Earth's crust as minerals, such as
feldspars and clays. Potassium is leached from these by weathering,
which explains why there is quite a lot of this element in the sea (0.75
g/liter).
Minerals mined for their potassium are pinkish and sylvite, carnallite
and alunite. The main mining area used to be Germany, which had a
monopoly of potassium before the first World War. Today most potassium
minerals come from Canada, USA and Chile. The world production of
potassim ores is about 50 million tonnes, and reserves are vast (more
than 10 billion tonnes).
Potassium is a key plant element. Although it is soluble in water,
little is lost from undisturbed soils because as it is released from
dead plants and animal excrements, it quickly become strongly bound to
clay particles, and it is retained ready to be readsorbed by the roots
of other plants.
Health
effects of potassium
Potassium can be found in vegetables, fruit, potatoes, meat,
bread, milk and nuts. It plays an important role in the physical
fluid system of humans and it assists nerve functions. Potassium,
as the ion K+, concnetrate inside cells, and 95% of the body's
potassium is so located. When our
kidneys are somehow malfunctioning an accumulation of potassium
will consist. This can lead to disturbing heartbeats.
Potassium can effect you when breathed in. Inhalation of dust
or mists can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, lungs with sneezing,
coughing and sore throat. Higher exposures may cause a build up of
fluid in the lungs, this can cause death. Skin and eye contact can
cause severe burns leading to permanent damage.
Environmental effects of
potassium
Together with nitrogen and
phosphorous, potassium is one of the essential macrominerals for plant
survival. Its presence is
of great importance for soil health, plant growth and animal nutrition.
Its primary function in the plant is its role in the maintenance of
osmotic pressure and cell size, thereby influencing photosynthesis and
energy production as well as stomatal opening and carbon dioxide supply,
plant turgor and translocation of nutrients. As such, the element is
required in relatively large proportions by the growing plant.
The consequences of low
potassium levels are apparent in a variety of symptoms: restricted
growth, reduced flowering, lower yields and lower quality produce.
High water soluble levels of potassium cause damage to germinating
seedlings, inhibits the uptake of other minerals and reduces the quality
of the crop.
Check out our
potassium in
water page
Back to the
periodic table of elements
Recommended daily intake of
potassium
[ Home
] [ Back ] [ More
Information or question on Potassium? ]
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Lenntech Water treatment & air purification Holding
B.V.
Rotterdamseweg 402 M
2629 HH Delft, The Netherlands
tel: (+31)(0)15 26.10.900
fax: (+31)(0)15 26.16.289
e-mail: info@lenntech.com
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