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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Potassium - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Potassium Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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It\'s_Elemental__Potassium Basic physical and historical information.
| LANL__Potassium Sources, uses, properties, and isotopes.
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| Potassium Data tables and historic information.
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| WebElements__Potassium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Potassium – K (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Potassium – KComprehensive data on the chemical element Potassium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Potassium.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Potassium Menu
Potassium Page One
Overview of Potassium
Potassium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Potassium
Chemical Properties of Potassium
Physical Properties of Potassium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Potassium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Potassium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Potassium
Overview of Potassium
Atomic Number:19
Group: 1
Period: 4
Series: Alkali Metals
Potassium's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: KaliumCzech: DraslíkCroatian: KalijFrench:
PotassiumGerman: Kalium - sItalian: PotassioNorwegian: KaliumPortuguese: Potássio
Russian:  Spanish: PotasioSwedish:
Kalium
Atomic Structure of Potassium
Atomic Radius: 2.77Å
Atomic Volume: 45.46cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 2.03Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)  a/barns: 2.1
Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6
4s1
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,8,1
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 1.38Å
Filling Orbital: 4s1
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 19
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 20
Number of Protons: 19
Oxidation States: 1
Valence Electrons: 4s1
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Potassium
Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.4587g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 2.3eV
Electronegativity: 0.82 (Pauling); 0.91 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 2.334kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:
Ionization PotentialFirst: 4.341Second: 31.625Third: 45.72
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 10.4
Physical Properties of Potassium
Atomic Mass Average: 39.0983
Boiling Point: 1032K 759°C 1398°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 83E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.139 106/cm  Thermal: 1.024 W/cmK
Density: 0.862g/cc @ 300K
Description:Very soft silvery metal that quickly oxidizes to white in air and reacts violently in water.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 3.1/GPaRigidity: 1.3/GPaYoungs: 3.53/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 89.5 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 2.32 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 77.5 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class:
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 0.363 MN m-2Mohs: 0.4
Heat of Vaporization: 79.87kJ/mol
Melting Point: 336.5K 63.35°C 146.03°F
Molar Volume: 45.46 cm3/mole
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.75J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 0.000106Pa@63.35°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-09-7
RTECS: TS6465000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)No limits set by
OSHA
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989No limits set by OSHA
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)No limits set by NIOSH
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 1620Bone/p.p.m: 2100Liver/p.p.m: 16000Muscle/p.p.m: 16000Daily Dietary Intake: 1400-7400 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 140 g
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Sir Humphrey DavyDiscovery Location: London England
Discovery Year: 1807Name Origin: From potash (pot ash); K from latin: kalium
Abundance of Potassium:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 21000
Seawater/p.p.m.: N/A
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 145000
Sources of Potassium:Found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O], sylvite (KCL) and alunite. Annual world production is around 200 tons. Primary mining areas are in Germany, Spain, Canada, USA and Italy.
Uses of Potassium: Used as potash in making glass, soap, lenses and salt substitute. Also as saltpeter, potassium nitrate (KNO3) it is used to make explosives and to color fireworks in mauve.
Additional Notes:Formerly called kalium hence the symbol 'K'.
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Potassium Menu
Potassium Page One
Overview of Potassium
Potassium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Potassium
Chemical Properties of Potassium
Physical Properties of Potassium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Potassium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Potassium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Potassium
Related Resources
Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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