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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Zirconium - It's Elemental: Zirconium Basic physical and historical information.
LANL__Zirconium History, isotopes, properties, and uses.

Lenntech__Zirconium Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.

USGS_Minerals_Information__Zirconium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

Visual_Elements__Zirconium Image, uses, physical information, and ionisation energies.

WebElements__Zirconium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.

Wikipedia__Zirconium Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.

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It's Elemental - The Element ZirconiumPrivacy and Security NoticeJefferson LabJefferson Lab HomeSearchContact JLabScience Education----------------------Science Education HomeTeacher ResourcesStudent ZoneGames and PuzzlesPrograms and EventsSearch EducationIt's ElementalPrevious ElementPrevious ElementTable of ElementsNext ElementNext Element 40ZrZirconium91.224ZirconiumAtomic Number:40Atomic Weight:91.224Melting Point:2128 K (1855°C or 3371°F)Boiling Point:4682 K (4409°C or 7968°F)Density:6.52 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature:SolidElement Classification:MetalPeriod Number:5Group Number:4Group Name:noneWhat's in a name?From the Persian word for gold-like, zargun.Say what?Zirconium is pronounced as zer-KO-ni-em.History and Uses:Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist, while analyzing the composition of the mineral jargon (ZrSiO4) in 1789. Zirconium was isolated by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, in 1824 and finally prepared in a pure form in 1914. Obtaining pure zirconium is very difficult because it is chemically similar to hafnium, an element which is always found mixed with deposits of zirconium. Today, most zirconium is obtained from the minerals zircon (ZrSiO4) and baddeleyite (ZrO2) through a process known as the Kroll Process.Zirconium is a corrosion resistant metal that is used in high performance pumps and valves. Since it also does not easily absorb neutrons, zirconium is widely used in nuclear reactors. The nuclear power industry uses nearly 90% of the zirconium produced each year, which must be nearly free of hafnium. Zirconium is also used as an alloying agent in steel, to make some types of surgical equipment and as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases from vacuum tubes.Zircon (ZrSiO4) is a zirconium compound that can take many different forms, the most popular of which is a clear, transparent gemstone that can be cut to look like diamond and is frequently used in jewelry. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) can withstand very high temperatures and is used to make crucibles and to line the walls of high temperature furnaces. Zirconium carbonate (3ZrO2·CO2·H2O) is used in lotions to treat poison ivy.Estimated Crustal Abundance:1.65×102 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance:3×10-5 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes:4(View all isotope data)Ionization Energy:6.634 eVOxidation State:+4Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information
 

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