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| About site: Chemistry/Elements/Zirconium - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Zirconium |
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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Zirconium - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Zirconium Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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It\'s_Elemental__Zirconium Basic physical and historical information.
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| USGS_Minerals_Information__Zirconium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).
| Visual_Elements__Zirconium Image, uses, physical information, and ionisation energies.
| WebElements__Zirconium Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Zirconium – Zr (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Zirconium – ZrComprehensive data on the chemical element Zirconium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Zirconium.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Zirconium Menu
Zirconium Page One
Overview of Zirconium
Zirconium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Zirconium
Chemical Properties of Zirconium
Physical Properties of Zirconium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Zirconium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Zirconium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Zirconium
Overview of Zirconium
Atomic Number:40
Group: 4
Period: 5
Series: Transition Metals
Zirconium's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: ZirkoniumCzech: ZirkoniumCroatian: CirkonijFrench:
ZirkoniumGerman: Zirkonium - sItalian: ZirconioNorwegian: ZirkoniumPortuguese: Xircônio
Russian:  Spanish: CirconioSwedish:
Zirkonium
Atomic Structure of Zirconium
Atomic Radius: 2.16Å
Atomic Volume: 14.1cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.45Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) a/barns: 0.184
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d10
4s2p6d2
5s2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,10,2
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.72Å
Filling Orbital: 4d2
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 40
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 51
Number of Protons: 40
Oxidation States: 4
Valence Electrons: 4d2 5s2
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Zirconium
Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.8509g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 4.05eV
Electronegativity: 1.33 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 16.9kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Potassium nitrate, oxidizers
Ionization PotentialFirst: 6.84Second: 13.13Third: 22.99
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 80
Physical Properties of Zirconium
Atomic Mass Average: 91.224
Boiling Point: 4650K 4377°C 7911°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 5.78E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.0236 106/cm  Thermal: 0.227 W/cmK
Density: 6.51g/cc @ 300K
Description:A hard Rare grayish-white metal, which is resistant towards corrosion due to an oxide film on its surface. It will burn in air if ignited.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 89.8/GPaRigidity: 35/GPaYoungs: 98/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 598 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 20.9 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 581.6 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Combustible
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 650 MN m-2Mohs: 5Vickers: 903 MN m-2
Heat of Vaporization: 58.2kJ/mol
Melting Point: 2125K 1852°C 3366°F
Molar Volume: 14.06 cm3/mole
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.27J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 0.00168Pa@1852°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-67-7 powder, wet
UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
1358 / 170 powder, wet
1932 / 135 scrap
2008 / 135 powder, dry
RTECS: ZH7070000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 5 mg/m3
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 5 mg/m3STEL: 10 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 5 mg/m3STEL: 10 mg/m3IDLH: 50 mg/m3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Skin, respiratory system
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 0.011Bone/p.p.m: <0.1Liver/p.p.m: 0.11Muscle/p.p.m: 0.08Daily Dietary Intake: 0.05 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 1 mg
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Martin H. KlaprothDiscovery Location: Berlin Germany
Discovery Year: 1789Name Origin:Arabic, zargun for gold color.
Abundance of Zirconium:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 190
Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.000009
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 560
Sources of Zirconium:Found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. Annual world wide production is around 7000 tons. Primary mining areas are Australia, Brazil, USA and Sri Lanka.
Uses of Zirconium:Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also used in catalytic converters, percussion caps and furnace bricks. Baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles.
Additional Notes:While Klaproth discovered zirconium in 1789, it first isolated by J.J. Berzelius in 1824 in stockholm Sweden.
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Zirconium Menu
Zirconium Page One
Overview of Zirconium
Zirconium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Zirconium
Chemical Properties of Zirconium
Physical Properties of Zirconium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Zirconium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Zirconium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Zirconium
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This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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