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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Chromium - It's Elemental: Chromium Basic physical and historical information.
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USGS_Minerals_Information__Chromium Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).

Visual_Elements__Chromium General and physical information, source, uses, key isotopes, and ionisation energies.

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Wikipedia__Chromium Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.

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It's Elemental - The Element ChromiumPrivacy and Security NoticeJefferson LabJefferson Lab HomeSearchContact JLabScience Education----------------------Science Education HomeTeacher ResourcesStudent ZoneGames and PuzzlesPrograms and EventsSearch EducationIt's ElementalPrevious ElementPrevious ElementTable of ElementsNext ElementNext Element 24CrChromium51.9961ChromiumAtomic Number:24Atomic Weight:51.9961Melting Point:2180 K (1907°C or 3465°F)Boiling Point:2944 K (2671°C or 4840°F)Density:7.15 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature:SolidElement Classification:MetalPeriod Number:4Group Number:6Group Name:noneWhat's in a name?From the Greek word for color, chroma.Say what?Chromium is pronounced as KROH-mi-em.History and Uses:Chromium was discovered by Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin while experimenting with a material known as Siberian red lead, also known as the mineral crocoite (PbCrO4), in 1797. He produced chromium oxide (CrO3) by mixing crocoite with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Although he believed a method for isolating chromium didn't yet exist, Vauquelin was pleasantly surprised in 1798 to discover that he was able to obtain metallic chromium by simply heating chromium oxide in a charcoal oven. Today, chromium is primarily obtained by heating the mineral chromite (FeCr2O4) in the presence of aluminum or silicon.Chromium is a blue-white metal that is hard, brittle and very corrosion resistant. Chromium can be polished to form a very shiny surface and is often plated to other metals to form a protective and attractive covering. Chromium is added to steel to harden it and to form stainless steel, a steel alloy that contains at least 10% chromium. Other chromium-steel alloys are used to make armor plate, safes, ball bearings and cutting tools.Chromium forms many colorful compounds that have industrial uses. Lead chromate (PbCrO4), also known as chrome yellow, has been used as a yellow pigment in paints. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3), also known as chrome green, is the ninth most abundant compound in the earth's crust and is a widely used green pigment. Rubies and emeralds also owe their colors to chromium compounds. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is used in the tanning of leather while other chromium compounds are used as mordants, materials which permanently fix dyes to fabrics. Chromium compounds are also used to anodize aluminum, a process which coats aluminum with a thick, protective layer of oxide. Chromite, chromium's primary ore, is used to make molds for the firing of bricks because of its high melting point, moderate thermal expansion and stable crystal structure.Estimated Crustal Abundance:1.02×102 milligrams per kilogramEstimated Oceanic Abundance:3×10-4 milligrams per literNumber of Stable Isotopes:3(View all isotope data)Ionization Energy:6.767 eVOxidation States:+6, +3, +2Electron Shell Configuration:1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1This page is maintained by Steve Gagnon.Citation and linking information
 

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