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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Vanadium - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Vanadium Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Vanadium – V (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Vanadium – VComprehensive data on the chemical element Vanadium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Vanadium.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Vanadium Menu
Vanadium Page One
Overview of Vanadium
Vanadium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Vanadium
Chemical Properties of Vanadium
Physical Properties of Vanadium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Vanadium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Vanadium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Vanadium
Overview of Vanadium
Atomic Number:23
Group: 5
Period: 4
Series: Transition Metals
Vanadium's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: VanadiumCzech: VanadCroatian: VanadijFrench:
VanadiumGerman: Vanadin - rItalian: VanadioNorwegian: VanadiumPortuguese: Vanádio
Russian:  Spanish: VanadioSwedish:
Vanadin
Atomic Structure of Vanadium
Atomic Radius: 1.92Å
Atomic Volume: 8.78cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.22Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)  a/barns: 5.08
Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p6d3
4s2
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,11,2
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.59Å
Filling Orbital: 3d3
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 23
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 28
Number of Protons: 23
Oxidation States: 5,3
Valence Electrons: 3d3 4s2
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Vanadium
Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.38013g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function: 4.3eV
Electronegativity: 1.63 (Pauling); 1.85 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 20.9kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Strong oxidizers, ammonium nitrate
Ionization PotentialFirst: 6.74Second: 14.65Third: 29.31
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 120
Physical Properties of Vanadium
Atomic Mass Average: 50.9415
Boiling Point: 3682K 3409°C 6168°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 8.3E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 0.0489 106/cm  Thermal: 0.307 W/cmK
Density: 6.11g/cc @ 300K
Description:Silvery-white metal.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 158/GPaRigidity: 46.7/GPaYoungs: 127.6/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 514.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 17.57 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 458.6 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Freezing Point: see melting point
Hardness ScaleBrinell: 628 MN m-2Mohs: 7Vickers: 628 MN m-2
Heat of Vaporization: 0.452kJ/mol
Melting Point: 2175K 1902°C 3456°F
Molar Volume: 8.55 cm3/mole
Optical Reflectivity: 61%
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.49J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 3.06Pa@1902°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7440-62-2
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)No limits set by OSHA
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989No limits set by OSHA
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)No limits set by NIOSH
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Skin, respiratory system
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: <0.0002Bone/p.p.m: 0.0035Liver/p.p.m: 0.006Muscle/p.p.m: 0.02Daily Dietary Intake: 0.04 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg
human: 0.11 mg
Discovery Year: 1801Name Origin: From Vanadis a Scandinavian goddess.
Abundance of Vanadium:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 160
Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: 0.0011Atlantic Deep: N/APacific Surface: 0.0016Pacific Deep: 0.0018
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 10500
Sources of Vanadium:Found in the minerals patronite (VS4), vanadinite
[Pb5(VO4)3Cl], and carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O]. Vanadium is usually produced as a by-product of refining other ores and from Venezuelan oils. Annual world wide production is around 7,000
tons.
Uses of Vanadium:It is mixed with other metals to make very strong and durable alloys which are used in construction materials, tools, springs and jet engines. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as a catalyst, dye and color-fixer.
Additional Notes: Many sources credit Nils Sefström with discovering vanadium in 1831, however, this is more of a rediscovery as it had already been discovered in A.M. del Rio in 1801.
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Vanadium Menu
Vanadium Page One
Overview of Vanadium
Vanadium's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Vanadium
Chemical Properties of Vanadium
Physical Properties of Vanadium
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Vanadium Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Vanadium Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Vanadium
Related Resources
Anatomy of the Atom
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Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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