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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Hydrogen - Especiál Gas Inc.: Hydrogen Numeric data, uses, and general information. |
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Hydrogen Data tables and historic information.
| Hydrogen_Energies_and_Spectrum The Bohr model for an electron transition in hydrogen between quantized energy levels with different quantum numbers n yields a photon by emission with quantum energy.
| It\'s_Elemental__Hydrogen Basic physical and historical information.
| LANL__Hydrogen Brief reference on the element includes discussion of the sources of hydrogen, its current uses, and potential for new energy applications.
| Lenntech__Hydrogen Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.
| Visual_Elements__Hydrogen General and physical information, uses, and key isotopes.
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Hydrogen - H2 - Hydrogen is widely used for the hydrogenation of
vegetable and animal oils and fats. Hydrogen also finds uses in the metallurgy
field because of its ability to reduce metal oxides and prevent oxidation of
metals in heat treating certain me
Hydrogen
H2
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Periodic Chart
Incompatibility Chart
Atmospheric Chart
Reference
General Characteristics
Health Hazards
Material Recommendations
A colorless, odorless and flammable gas.
A simple asphyxiant
Normal materials can be used.
TLV-TWA
Flammable Limits
DOT Class / Label
None established
4 -75%
2.1 / Flammable Gas
Molecular Weight
Specific Gravity
Specific Volume
2.02
0.0696 @ 70 F
192 cu.ft./lb @ 70 F
CGA Valve Outlet
CAS Registry No.
UN Number
350
1333-74-0
1049
National Stock Number (NSN) Applicable to Hydrogen
MIL Spec / Fed Specs
MSDS for Hydrogen
Grade
Part #
Purity Minimum
Cylinder
Size
Volume
SCF
Pressure
@ 70 F psig
Comments
Research
402600
99.9995% Min.
049
044
016
007
002
258
193
134
33
4
2400
2000
2000
2000
1800
None
Ultra High Purity
402700
99.999% Min.
049
044
016
007
002
258
193
134
33
4
2400
2000
2000
2000
1800
Zero
402900
99.995%
<0.5 ppm THC
049
044
016
007
LBS
258
193
134
33
4
2400
2000
2000
2000
1800
None
High Purity
402800
99.99% Min.
049
044
016
007
LBS
258
193
134
33
4
2400
2000
2000
2000
1800
None
Uses: Hydrogen is widely used for the hydrogenation of vegetable and animal oils and fats. Hydrogen also finds uses in the metallurgy field because of its ability to reduce metal oxides and prevent oxidation of metals in heat treating certain metals and alloys. Hydrogen is extensively used in the synthesis of ammonia and in petroleum refining operations.
Liquefied hydrogen has been used primarily as a rocket fuel for combustion with oxygen or
fluorine, and as a propellant for nuclear-powered rockets and space vehicles.
(H), a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable gaseous substance that is the simplest member of the family of chemical elements. The hydrogen atom has a nucleus consisting of a proton bearing one unit of positive electrical charge; an electron, bearing one unit of negative electrical charge, is associated with this nucleus.
Although on Earth hydrogen ranks ninth among the elements in abundance, making up 0.9 per-cent of the mass of the planet, it is by far the most abundant element in the universe, accounting
for about 75 percent of the mass of all matter. Collected by gravitational forces in stars, hydrogen is converted into helium by nuclear fusion, a process that supplies the energy of the stars,
including the Sun. Hydrogen is present in all animal and vegetable substances in the form of compounds in which it is combined with carbon and other elements. In the form of hydrocarbons, it is a
constituent of petroleum and coal. It also constitutes nearly 11 percent of the mass of seawater. The
hydrogen content of the Earth's atmosphere remains low because of the continual escape of the gas into space.
Liquid hydrogen is used in the laboratory to produce extremely low temperatures and in bubble chambers for photographing the tracks of nuclear particles. Liquid hydrogen is of great
importance in space-exploration programs as a rocket fuel with oxygen or fluorine as the oxidizer. The deuterium isotope of hydrogen is the key component of the thermonuclear bomb.
Hydrogen is the lightest chemical element, has the highest heat conductivity, and has the highest coefficient of diffusion of all the gases. Chemically, hydrogen resembles the elements of groups I and VII of the periodic classification. Under proper conditions, it combines directly with most of the lighter elements and with many of the heavier elements. In compounds with metals, the hydrogen atom acquires a second electron, forming the negatively charged hydride ion, H-; with nonmetals, it shares its electron to form covalently bonded molecules such as methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen chloride. In certain cases, the covalent bond is easily broken, forming the
hydrogen ion, H+, and a negative ion from the remainder of the original molecule. The properties of most acids, particularly in aqueous solutions, arise from the presence of the hydrogen ion. For additional information about the major hydrogen compounds, see alcohol; ammonia; hydride; hydrocarbon.
Hydrogen reacts violently with fluorine, even at extremely low temperatures; with many other elements, hydrogen reacts upon heating or in the presence of catalysts.
Naturally occurring hydrogen consists of three isotopes: hydrogen-1, or protium, 99.985 percent; hydrogen-2, or deuterium (q.v.), 0.015 percent; and hydrogen-3, or tritium (q.v.), a minute trace. Tritium can be produced artificially; it is radioactive, having a half-life of 12.26 years.
Atomic number 1
Atomic weight 1.00797
Melting point -259.2° C (-434.6° F)
Boiling point -252.8° C (-422.8° F)
Density 0.08988 g/1 (0 C, 1 atm)
Oxidation states -1, 1
Electron config. 1s1
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