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Title: Chemistry/Elements/Phosphorus - EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Phosphorus Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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It\'s_Elemental__Phosphorus Basic physical and historical information.
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Periodic Table of Elements: Phosphorus – P (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
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Periodic Table of ElementsElement Phosphorus – PComprehensive data on the chemical element Phosphorus is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Phosphorus.
Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Phosphorus Menu
Phosphorus Page One
Overview of Phosphorus
Phosphorus's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Phosphorus
Chemical Properties of Phosphorus
Physical Properties of Phosphorus
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Phosphorus Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Phosphorus Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Phosphorus
Overview of Phosphorus
Atomic Number:15
Group: 15
Period: 3
Series: Nonmetals
Phosphorus's Name in Other LanguagesLatin: PhosphorusCzech: FosforCroatian: FosforFrench:
PhosphoreGerman: Phosphor - rItalian: FosforoNorwegian: FosforPortuguese: Fósforo
Russian:  Spanish: FósforoSwedish:
Fosfor
Atomic Structure of Phosphorus
Atomic Radius: 1.23Å
Atomic Volume: 17cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 1.06Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)  a/barns: 0.172
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic
Electron Configuration:1s2
2s2p6
3s2p3
Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,5
Shell Model
Ionic Radius: 0.38Å
Filling Orbital: 3p3
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 15
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 16
Number of Protons: 15
Oxidation States: ±3,5,4
Valence Electrons: 3s2p3
Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Phosphorus
Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.23113g/amp-hr
Electron Work Function:
Electronegativity: 2.19 (Pauling); 2.06 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 0.657kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:Air, oxidizers (including elemental sulfur & strong caustics), halogens
Ionization PotentialFirst: 10.486Second: 19.725Third: 30.18
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 190
Physical Properties of Phosphorus
Atomic Mass Average: 30.97376
Boiling Point: 553K 280°C 536°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 124.5E-6
ConductivityElectrical: 1.0E-17 106/cm  Thermal: 0.00235
W/cmK
Density: 1.82g/cc @ 300K
Description:Soft white waxy solid, brownish-red powder or black solid.
Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 11/GPa
Enthalpy of Atomization: 314.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.63 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 12.43 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Flammable solid
Freezing Point: see melting point
Heat of Vaporization: 12.129kJ/mol
Melting Point: 317.45K 44.3°C 111.7°F
Molar Volume: 17 cm3/mole
Optical Refractive Index: 1.001212
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 0.77J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 20.8Pa@44.3°C
Regulatory / Health
CAS Number
7723-14-0
UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
1381 / 136
RTECS: TH3500000OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 0.1 mg/m3
OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 0.1 mg/m3
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 0.1 mg/m3IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, jaw, teeth, blood
Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 345Bone/p.p.m: 67000-71000Liver/p.p.m: 3-8.5Muscle/p.p.m: 3000-8500Daily Dietary Intake: 900-1900 mgTotal Mass In Avg.
70kg human: 780 g
Who / Where / When / HowDiscoverer: Hennig BrandDiscovery Location: Hamburg Germany
Discovery Year: 1669Name Origin:Greek: phôs (light) and phoros (bearer).
Abundance of Phosphorus:Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 1000
Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: 0.0015Atlantic Deep: 0.042Pacific Surface: 0.0015Pacific Deep: 0.084
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 316000
Sources of Phosphorus:Found most often in phosphate rock. Annual world wide production is around 153,000,000 tons. Primary mining areas are Russia, USA, Morocco, Tunisia, Tongo and Nauru.
Uses of Phosphorus:Used in the production of fertilizers, fireworks, matches, pesticides, toothpaste and detergents.
Additional Notes:White phosphorus is much more toxic than red phosphorus. Necrosis of the jaw, also called phossy-jaw, is caused by chronic exposure to white phosphorus.
[Last update: 2/22/2007]Notes below
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Phosphorus Menu
Phosphorus Page One
Overview of Phosphorus
Phosphorus's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Phosphorus
Chemical Properties of Phosphorus
Physical Properties of Phosphorus
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Phosphorus Page Two
Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Phosphorus Page Three
Common Chemical Compounds of Phosphorus
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