| Venus_Basic_Information Summary articles and related links. |
| Venus__Earth\'s_troubled_sister Although it looks a lot like Earth, it's actually dramatically different. |
| Welcome_to_the_Planets__Venus Planetary profile and vital statistics, some pictures. |
| ACalendar_com The calendar has many options with a standard monthly interface, including sunrise, sunset, and Moon phases. |
| Annus_Novus_Decimal_Calendar A proposal for a non-sectarian, culturally neutral calendar system. |
| Astro_Portal_-_CalSKY The worldwide interactive online astronomical/space calendar and calculator - for friends of astronomy, as well as astronomers. |
| Astronomical_Time_Keeping Extensive descriptions of many astronomical time keeping systems, with information on time zones and Julian day numbers. |
| Astronomy_by_JavaScript__Sun_Calculators_and_More Applets related to calendars and keeping time, including sidererial time. |
| Astronomy_Calendar Features different views of the night sky, constellations, stars, planets, and other celestial wonders. |
| Blue_Moon_Myths Second full moon in a month, or third full moon in a single season? |
| Britannica_com_-_Clockworks__From_Sundials_to_the_Atomic_Second Britannica.com explores the history of timekeeping, from sundials to cesium atomic clocks. |
| The_Calendar,_Leap_Years_and_the_Year_2000 An explanation of the calendar including the origin of the day, week, month and year. |
| Calendar_Studies Articles on the Gregorian and Julian calendars, the ISO date format, the Julian day number system, the Maya calendar, the Goddess lunar calendar, the Liberalia Triday Calendar and C functions for date |
| Calendars_through_the_Ages History and FAQs of calendars, from ancient Rome to outer space. Including Julian, Gregorian, Jewish, Islamic, Chinese, and Mayan. |
| Calendopaedia The Encyclopaedia of Calendars. |
| Calendrical_Calculations Published by Cambridge University Press. Gives a unified algorithmic presentation of the Gregorian, ISO, Julian, Coptic, Ethiopic, and Islamic civil calendars. |
| The_Chinese_Calendar The mathematics of the Chinese calendar. Explains the rules for the Chinese calendar. |
| The_Difference_Between_the_Millennium_and_Year_2000 Questions and answers to satisfy the hearts of true millennium buffs. |
| Greenwich_Time__Home_of_World_Time_(GMT)_since_1884 Complete guide to times in every time zone in the world. |
| Hindu_Calendar_Dates_52nd_Century Explains the cosmological and astronomical influences in creating the Indian calendar. |
| Indian_Moons A list of many American Indian tribe's names for months, days, and other calendar related information. |
| The_Islamic_Calendar The mathematics of the Islamic calendar in Singapore. |
| The_Julian_and_Gregorian_Calendars Explanations of the Julian Calendar, the Gregorian Reform, the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar, the length of the tropical year and related matters. |
| Julian_Day_Numbers An explanation of the Julian day number system used by astronomers and calendricists. |
| Leap_Seconds Civil time is occasionally adjusted by one second increments called leap seconds. A detailed explanation of what a second actually is, and why leap seconds are necessary. |
| LunarCal_-_A_Perpetual_Chinese_Lunar_Calendar LunarCal is a 160-year perpetual Chinese Lunar Calendar for 1900 to 2060. Chinese festivals are listed and the moon phase is displayed. |
| Lunisolar_Calendar Lunar calendar with lunations, from new moon to new moon, instead of months. Moon phase on each day. Chinese, Jewish, and Islamic months. Eclipses, meteors, planets, star charts. Christian, Pagan, Isl |
| Maya_Calendar_2000 The calendar was the center of Maya life and their greatest cultural achievement. To carry out their astronomical calculations they developed a sophisticated mathematical system. The Maya Calendar web |
| Millennium_Mistake Explains the difference between millenium and year 2000 as the absence of a year zero. |
| Rosetta_Calendar An online handy tool for converting to and from the Gregorian, Julian and Jewish calendars. |
| Time_and_Date Lots of time and date related information, such as yearly and monthly calendars, counters, countdown, and the world clock which shows the current time in cities all over the world. |
| Time_and_Dates Information on date, time, and time zones from the New York Public Library. |
| Types_of_Calendars An explanation of lunar, solar, lunisolar, rule-based and other types of calendars. |
| World_Calendar/Clock,_Appointments,_Sun/Moon_positions,_Metric/Calendar_Conversion PlexGlobe is a productivity toolkit for global users and businesses that includes: - World clock and calendar such as Chinese and so on. |
| World_Holidays__Weeks_and_Months Information on the origin of the week, and etymology of month and weekday names. |
| ComSpec3D An online tool for calculation and visualisation of infrared and Raman spectroscopic results, with normal mode information. |
| CytoSpec_Inc_ Software for the analysis of infrared spectral maps including chemical mapping, cluster mapping, PCA and ANN imaging. Includes glossary, downloads and contacts in Croton-on-Hudson, NY. |
| Dr__Georgiou_Lab_of_Analytical_Chemistry Research into olive oil analysis, pesticides formulation analysis, flow injection, using analytical Raman spectroscopy and biosensors, at the Agricultural University of Athens, Greece. |
| Infrared_identification_of_Organic_Unknowns Includes a brief description of the theory, a step-by-step guide to peak assignment and some problems. |
| Infrared_Spectroscopy Includes information on the principles, absorption peaks for organic molecule functional groups and sample preparation methods, as part of the general program at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massa |
Ultraviolet image of Venus' clouds as seen by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (Feb. 5, 1979). 29K Hi-res 
Ultraviolet image of Venus' clouds as seen by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (Feb. 26, 1979). 30K Hi-res 
False color image of Venus' clouds as seen by the SSI instrument on Galileo. Caption P-37218 9.2K Hi-res 
False color image of Venus' clouds as imaged by the NIMS instrument on Galileo. Caption P-37221 109K Hi-res 
False color image of Venus' clouds as imaged by the NIMS instrument on Galileo. Caption P-37539 37K Hi-res 
Ultraviolet image of Venus' clouds as seen by HST's Wide-Field/Planetary Camera 2. Caption STScI-PRC95-16, 95-HC-114 20K Global ViewsThumbnailImage DescriptionCaptionNASA IDsImage SizeHi-Resolution TIFF?
Hemispheric view of Venus produced by Magellan. 49K 
Five global views of Venus by Magellan. Caption P-45186 87K 
Topographic Map of Venus from Pioneer Venus (Mercator Projection). 163K Hi-res 
Topographic Map of Venus from Magellan (Mercator Projection). 71K 
Topographic Map of Venus from Magellan (Sinusoidal Projection). 148K 
Microwave Emissivity Map of Venus from Magellan (Mercator Projection). 167K 
Gravity Maps of Venus from Magellan (Mercator Projection). 87K Surface ViewsThumbnailImage DescriptionCaptionNASA IDsImage SizeHi-Resolution TIFF?
Surface photographs from the Soviet Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft. The Soviet Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft were launched on 8 and 14 June 1975, respectively,to do the unprecedented: place a lander on the surface of Venus and return images.The two spacecraft successfully landed a descent craft on 16 and 23 October 1975.These images were obtained on 22 and 25 October 1975. Venera 9 landed on a slopeinclined by about 30 degrees to the horizontal whereas Venera 10 was only inclinedabout 8 degrees. The two spacecraft were separated by about 2100 km. Most of the rocks in the images are between about 0.3 and 1 meter. 108K 
Surface photographs from the Soviet Venera 13 spacecraft.The first of the Venera missions to include a color TV camera and the first to succeedin obtaining pictures since Venera 10, the Venera 13 lander touched down on 3 March 1982. 127K 
Color version of the left half of the Venera 13 image. 63K 
Color version of the right half of the Venera 13 image. 58K 
Surface photographs from the Soviet Venera 14 spacecraft. TheVenera 14 lander became the second Venus surface probe to transmit color imagesafter setting down on 5 May 1982. 156K Three-dimensional ViewsThis section consists of three-dimensional images derived from Magellan data. Thevertical scale of all of these images has been exaggerated by a factor of 22.5.ThumbnailImage DescriptionCaptionNASA IDsImage SizeHi-Resolution TIFF?
Computer generated surface view of Eistla Regio (from the southwest). Caption P-38720 121K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of Eistla Regio (from the northeast). Caption P-38724 108K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of Gula Mons.For this image, we also have a special treat. Because the vertical scale on theseimages is so exaggerated (a factor of 22.5, remember), we thought you might wantto see what one of them would look like with a more realistic vertical scale.This image ofGula Mons(8.1K) has beenaltered to more closely resemble the actual vertical scale. Caption P-38721 98K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of Sif Mons. Caption P-38722 110K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of a corona, tentatively named Idem-Kuva. Caption P-38723 108K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of Alpha Regio. Caption P-38870 108K Hi-res
Computer generated surface view of Maat Mons. Caption P-39326 122K Hi-resFor further information:About the Galileo missionAbout the Hubble Space TelescopeAbout the Magellan missionAbout the Pioneer Venus missionAbout the Venera missionsVenus Fact SheetFrequently Asked Questions about VenusNSSDC's Venus pagePhoto Gallery Home Page About Feedback Frequently Asked Questions
Author/curator: Dr. Edwin V. Bell, II NSSDC, Mail Code 690.1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 +1-301-286-1187 ed.bell@gsfc.nasa.govNASA/GSFC Security and Privacy StatementNASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckVersion 3.5, 12 April 2005