| Electromagnetism Authors' web pages for the textbook "Electromagnetism", by G. L. Pollack and D. R. Stump, published by Addison-Wesley. |
| Electromigration Surface electromigration refers to the directed motion of atoms (adatoms) at solid surfaces, grain boundaries and interfaces which is caused by an electric current in the bulk of the material. It is |
| Electrostatics_equations Main equations and formulas of electrostatics. |
| EMCoS_-_Electromagnetic_Consulting_and_Software The company specializes in consulting on electromagnetic problems and in development of sophisticated software for electromagnetic simulations, as well as in data processing and visualization. Based i |
| EMF_Shielding_in_Buildings Remediation of EMF interference in buildings. Custom designed, quality EMF shielding. |
| High_Field_Magnet_Laboratory_(HFML) Research in the high magnetic field facility in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. |
| How_a_Compass_Works Explanation of how compasses work and how to make your own, from How Stuff Works. |
| How_a_metal_detector_works Interactive Java tutorial explaining the principles of electromagnetic induction. |
| How_an_Electromagnet_Works Explanation of principles and experiments, from How Stuff Works. |
| How_Van_de_Graaff_Generators_Work Description of Van de Graaff generators and static electricity, from How Stuff Works. |
| Is_it_Possible_to_Generate_Electricity_Directly_from_Heat? A brief explanation from How Stuff Works. |
| Magnet_Formulas A small web site devoted to the vanishing art of practical magnet design without FEA, including field formulas for simple conductor configurations, air core solenoids and Helmholtz Coils. |
| Magnet_University Educational information on electromagnetism, permanent magnets, and the application of magnetic materials. The site is maintained by the company Rare-Earth Magnetics. |
| Maxwell\'s_Equations Description of Maxwell's equations. |
| Maxwell\'s_Equations_and_Electromagnetic_Waves An overview of Maxwell's Equations and how they determine the speed of light. |
| Negative_Permittivity_and_Permeability_Material The true "left handed" material is described. In this medium, light waves are expected to exhibit a reverse Doppler effect. |
| Paradoxes_of_Modern_Electrodynamics Provides analysis of some modern electrodynamics concepts including peculiarities and «white spots» in the model of an electromagnetic wave. The site is in English and Russian. |
| PowerLabs___Rail_Gun Electromagnetic capacitor powered 20kJ rail gun research. |
| Science_Ebooks_Ezine This site offers a variety of electronics and physics animations and visual aides for teachers or students. |
| Spin_Science Research conducted at the University of Amsterdam utilizing x-ray magneto-optical techniques for the study of thin film and nanometric magnetic systems. |
| Static_Electricity Website by Jeremy Smallwood on static electricity. Describes the physics phenomena, possible electrostatic damages, materials for electrostatic solutions, and standards. Gives advice on solution of co |
| Static_Electricity_Projects Site devoted to projects utilizing static electricity (motors, generators) which are simple enough and can be relatively easily built. |
| Vacuum_Tube_Diode A demonstration of how a vacuum tube diode works. |
| The_Van_de_Graaff_Generator_Website This site includes information on how Van de Graaff Generators work, typical classroom demonstrations, and instructions for building one. |
| VRML_Gallery_of_Electromagnetism Visualization of the electromagnetic field. |
| Wireless_Lab_at_Nizhny_Novgorod_University Laboratory of Physical Fundamentals and Technologies of Wireless networks at Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia. |
| Wondermagnet_com Images of magnets and their uses, experiments, a discussion board about magnet-related topics, and an elementary primer on magnetism and magnetic physics. |
| X-ray_Optics_and_Microscopy_at_Stony_Brook Research describing use of coherent soft X-rays for optics experiments, including Fresnel zone plates, to produce the smallest focused spot of electromagnetic waves for studies of biological and mater |
| NSSDC__Venus From NASA's photo gallery. |
| Planet_Venus_-_overview_and_pictures Illustrated guide to Venus. Contains description, facts, statistics and a brief history. |
| Venus From The Nine Planets. |
| Venus NASA's Windows to the Universe. |
| Venus Details on this planet. |
| Venus From "Views of the Solar System". |
| Venus Facts, early knowledge and history of man's exploration of Venus. |
| Venus_Basic_Information Summary articles and related links. |
| Venus__Earth\'s_troubled_sister Although it looks a lot like Earth, it's actually dramatically different. |
| Welcome_to_the_Planets__Venus Planetary profile and vital statistics, some pictures. |
| ACalendar_com The calendar has many options with a standard monthly interface, including sunrise, sunset, and Moon phases. |
| Annus_Novus_Decimal_Calendar A proposal for a non-sectarian, culturally neutral calendar system. |
Next: IndexUp: Title page Previous: The conservation equations 
] are: 
Defining the anti- symmetric tensor 
with components: 
the electric and magnetic fields are given by 
If we also define a current four- vector : 
Maxwell's equations can be written as [ Assignment 4 ] 
where 
. We have now expressed Maxwell's equationsin tensor form as required by Special Relativity.The first of these equations implies charge conservaton 
By performing a Lorentz transformation to a frame movingwith speed v in the x direction, one can calculate howthe electric and magnetic fields change: 
We find [ Assignment 4 ] that 
is unchanged, while 
where 
and 
is the electricfield parallel and perpendicular to 
. Thus 
and 
get mixed.The four- force on a particle of charge q and velocity 
in an electromagnetic field is [ Assignment 4 ]: 
The spatial part of 
is the Lorentz force and the time part is the rate of work by this force.By writing 
, Maxwell's equations give [ Assignment 4 ]: 
where 
This is the energy momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field.Note that 
is symmetric as required and the energydensity is [ Assignment 4 ] 
Peter Dunsby Sat Jun 15 22:02:24 ADT 1996