| CosmoNet An "interactive book" focusing on the topics of astronomy, cosmology, and theoretical physics. It also provides a number of services including an index of all 88 constellations, several interactive g |
| Distant_Galaxies_and_Cosmology_Models Article on possible cosmological models. |
| Galaxy_Formation_and_the_Intergalactic_Medium This site is dedicated to summarizing the research of Paul Shapiro's cosmology group. Of interest mainly to specialists. |
| Good_Cosmology_Sites Links to cosmology resources, and a tutorial by a UCLA professor. |
| Great_Debates_in_Astronomy Following in the footsteps of the famous April 1920 'Great Debate' between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, this series of debates among leaders in the astronomical community highlight major quests i |
| Introduction_to_Cosmology A NASA site for the general public featuring a collection of questions and answers on cosmology. |
| Introduction_to_the_Cosmic_Microwave_Background Basic explanations of key concepts, including the Big Bang, expansion of the universe, and the ripples in the density of the early universe that led to the galaxies and stars we see today. |
| LAMBDA_-_Legacy_Archive_for_Microwave_Background_Data Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) archive of science research. CMB data is an important aspect of research in cosmology. |
| MACHO_Project Primary aim is to test the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way is made up of objects like brown dwarfs or planets: these objects have come to be kn |
| MAP_Home_Page MAP is a MIDEX class mission, selected by NASA in 1996, to probe conditions in the early universe. MAP measures temperature differences ("anisotropy") in the cosmic microwave background radiation. |
| Max_Tegmark Cosmologist's personal site including discussions of movies, experiments, and data analysis efforts. |
| Messier_81_Internal_Motions van Maanen's astrometrically determined internal motions of the spiral nebula Messier 81. |
| MSAM/TopHat_High_Altitude_Scientific_Balloons A series of scientic experiments flying as balloon payloads in Texas and Antarctica, designed to measure the medium-scale anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). |
| Mysteries_of_Deep_Space_-_History_of_the_Universe_Timeline From PBS Online |
| Ned_Wright\'s_Cosmology_Tutorial An illustrated introductory guide to the topic, attempting to summarize modern discoveries on the origin, current state, and future of our Universe. |
| NOVA_-_Runaway_Universe Examines the size, future and fate of the universe as well as the possible existence of others. Also explores what happens in a supernova explosion, a map of the universe on a cosmological scale, and |
| The_Origin_of_Elements Arno Allan Penzias Nobel Lecture. |
| Phantom_Energy_and_Cosmic_Doomsday Phantom energy, with negative sum of pressure and energy density, could lead to the universe tearing itself apart in a "Big Rip". |
| Planck_Satellite ESA mission designed to find the three cosmological parameters: the Hubble parameter, the density and the deceleration parameter from variations in the cosmic background radiation. |
| Revved-Up_Universe Astronomers are convinced that the expansion of the Universe accelerates. |
| Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey A dedicated 2.5 meter telescope which uses sensitive electronic light detectors to systematically map a quarter of the sky, building a catalog of celestial objects, galaxies, and quasars. |
| Supernova_Cosmology_Project This Berkeley labs site is based on observation of red shift in stars going supernova. |
| Tufts_Institute_of_Cosmology The Cosmology group at Tufts University with links to other cosmology sites |
| The_Big_Bang_(One_More_Time) A new model of the universe says it repeats itself in an endless cycle. Article from Christian Science Monitor. (May 9, 2002) |
| Turning_On_the_Universe Astronomers say the Universe's expansion has been accelerating recently. A new model for repulsive 'dark energy' may help explain the acceleration in a more natural way than other models. From Physica |
| Review_of_Mistake_of_Einstein Cosmologists have used recent data to constrain the type of 'dark energy' that may fill all of space. (July 30, 1999) |
| Coalition_for_Plasma_Science A group of institutions, organizations, and companies joining forces to increase awareness and understanding of plasma science and its many applications and benefits for society. |
| Helicon_Plasma_Thesis PhD thesis on helicon wave plasmas by Darryn Schneider. |
| MATLAB_Instruction_Modules_for_Introductory_Plasma_Physics Modules to teach single particle motion, dispersion relation, particle simulation and ray-tracing. |
| NRL_Plasma_Formulary Revised Edition. The NRL Plasma Formulary has been the handbook of plasma physicists for the past 20 years. It is available in PostScript, PDF, and TeX formats. |
| Plasma_Dictionary All terms and definitions presented in alphabetical order. |
| Plasma_Everywhere Introduction on plasmas from NASA. Plasmosphere surrounding our world. |
| Plasma_on_the_Internet Plasma-gate. Lists of Plasma Physics servers on the internet. (From WIS Institute). |
| Plasma_Physics_and_Nuclear_Fusion_Experiments List of web sites describing experiments world-wide to study the physics of nuclear fusion by magnetic confinement. |
| Plasma_Physics_Research_Center Plasma Physics Research Center Tehran-Iran |
| Plasma_Simulation_Projects Projects on numerical plasma simulation, including HPEM code, Monte Carlo Module, and Feature Profile Model, developed at the Computational Optical and Discharge Physics Group, University of Illinois. |
| Plasma_TV_Science Guide to plasma science used within the plasma television technology. Includes educational resources and links to related information. |
| Theoretical_Principles_of_Plasma_Physics_and_Atomic_Physics Essential facts and formulae. |
| Who_is_Who_in_Atomic_and_Plasma_Physics_(WWAPP) Database from Plasma Laboratory at Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. |
| AP_Statistics_at_the_College_Board The College Board's official AP Statistics page. Course description, sample exam questions, teacher resources and contact information. |
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The COBE satellite was developed by NASA's Goddard Space
Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave
radiation from the early universe to the limits set by our
astrophysical environment. It was launched November 18, 1989
and carried three instruments, a Diffuse
Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) to search for the
cosmic infrared background radiation, a Differential
Microwave Radiometer (DMR) to map the cosmic radiation
sensitively, and a Far Infrared
Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to compare the spectrum
of the cosmic microwave background radiation with a precise
blackbody. Each COBE instrument yielded a major cosmological
discovery:
DIRBE - Infrared absolute
sky brightness maps in the wavelength range 1.25 to 240
microns were obtained to carry out a search for the cosmic
infrared background (CIB). The CIB was originally
detected in the two longest DIRBE wavelength bands, 140
and 240 microns, and in the short-wavelength end of the
FIRAS spectrum. Subsequent analyses have yielded detections
of the CIB in the near-infrared DIRBE sky maps. The CIB
represents a "core sample" of the Universe; it
contains the cumulative emissions of stars and galaxies
dating back to the epoch when these objects first began
to form. The COBE CIB measurements constrain models of the
cosmological history of star formation and the buildup over
time of dust and elements heavier than hydrogen, including
those of which living organisms are composed. Dust has played
an important role in star formation throughout much of cosmic
history.
DMR - The CMB was found
to have intrinsic "anisotropy" for the first time,
at a level of a part in 100,000. These tiny variations in
the intensity of the CMB over the sky show how matter and
energy was distributed when the Universe was still very
young. Later, through a process still poorly understood,
the early structures seen by DMR developed into galaxies,
galaxy clusters, and the large scale structure that we see
in the Universe today.
FIRAS - The cosmic microwave
background (CMB) spectrum is that of a nearly perfect blackbody
with a temperature of 2.725 +/- 0.002 K. This observation
matches the predictions of the hot Big Bang theory extraordinarily
well, and indicates that nearly all of the radiant energy
of the Universe was released within the first year after
the Big Bang.
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Page Updated: Thursday, 26-Jun-2008
