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| ScienceDaily: Fossils & Ruins News http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/fossils_ruins/ Articles in anthropology, archaeology, evolution theory and paleontology. Read the latest discoveries from archaeological sites and research institutes around the world. Images, updated daily. en-us Tue, 02 Dec 2008 12:05:01 EST Tue, 02 Dec 2008 12:05:01 EST 60 ScienceDaily: Fossils & Ruins News http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gif http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/fossils_ruins/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily. Iceman Oetzi's Last Supper http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081201101700.htm A new study identifies six different mosses from the Tyrolean Iceman's alimentary tract. Tue, 02 Dec 2008 14:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081201101700.htm Humanity May Hold Key For Next Earth Evolution http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081129173302.htm Human degradation of the environment has the potential to stall an ongoing process of planetary evolution, and even rewind the evolutionary clock to leave the planet habitable only by the bacteria that dominated billions of years of Earth's history, according to Harvard geochemist Charles Langmuir. Mon, 01 Dec 2008 08:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081129173302.htm Evidence From Dirty Teeth: Ancient Peruvians Ate Well http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081201200121.htm Starch grains preserved on human teeth reveal that ancient Peruvians ate a variety of cultivated crops including squash, beans, peanuts and pacay. Starch grain analysis of human dental remains should prove to be a powerful means to directly study ancient diets. Mon, 01 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081201200121.htm New Excavations Strengthen Identification Of Herod’s Grave At Herodium http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119084537.htm Analysis of newly revealed items found at the site of the mausoleum of King Herod at Herodium (Herodion in Greek) have provided archaeological researchers with further assurances that this was indeed the site of the famed ruler’s 1st century B.C.E. grave. Herod was the Roman-appointed king of Judea from 37 to 4 B.C.E., who was renowned for his many monumental building projects, including the reconstruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, the palace at Masada, the harbor and city of Caesarea, as well as the palatial complex at Herodium, 15 kilometers south of Jerusalem. Sun, 30 Nov 2008 08:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119084537.htm Carbon Dioxide Helped Ancient Earth Escape Deathly Deep Freeze http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081130164511.htm The planet’s present day greenhouse scourge, carbon dioxide, may have played a vital role in helping ancient Earth to escape from complete glaciation, say scientists. Sun, 30 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081130164511.htm Bacterial Biofilms As Fossil Makers http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124174859.htm Bacterial decay was once viewed as fossilization's mortal enemy, but new research suggests bacterial biofilms may have actually helped preserve the fossil record's most vulnerable stuff -- animal embryos and soft tissues. Fri, 28 Nov 2008 02:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124174859.htm Potentially Universal Mechanism Of Aging Identified http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126122203.htm Researchers have uncovered what may be a universal cause of aging, one that applies to both single cell organisms such as yeast and multicellular organisms, including mammals. This is the first time that such an evolutionarily conserved aging mechanism has been identified between such diverse organisms. The mechanism probably dates back more than one billion years. The study shows how DNA damage eventually leads to a breakdown in the cell's ability to properly regulate which genes are switched on and off in particular settings. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 14:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126122203.htm Two From One: Evolution Of Genders From Hermaphroditic Ancestors Mapped Out http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081120171328.htm Research could finally provide evidence of the first stages of the evolution of separate sexes, a theory that holds that males and females developed from hermaphroditic ancestors. These early stages are not completely understood because the majority of animal species developed into the arguably less titillating separate-sex state too long ago for scientists to observe the transition. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 14:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081120171328.htm How Did Turtles Get Their Shells? Oldest Known Turtle Fossil, 220 Million Years Old, Give Clues http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126133307.htm Since the age of dinosaurs, turtles have looked pretty much as they do now with their shells intact, and scientists lacked conclusive evidence to support competing evolutionary theories. Now with the discovery in China of the oldest known turtle fossil, estimated at 220 million years old, scientists have a clearer picture of how the turtle got its shell. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 11:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126133307.htm Plate Tectonics Started Over 4 Billion Years Ago, Geochemists Report http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126133357.htm A new picture of the early Earth is emerging, including the surprising finding that plate tectonics on Earth may have started more than four billion years ago -- much earlier than scientists had previously believed. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126133357.htm Researcher Sheds New Light On Witch-hunting And Epidemics Of Fear http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081121151918.htm Research by the Russian semiologist Yuri M. Lotman analyzes how epidemics of fear work, through the study of witch-hunting processes which claimed thousands of victims among Catholics and Protestants. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 02:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081121151918.htm Institute For Missing Persons Gives Hope For Peace In The Balkans http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081127204556.htm Archaeologists have dug out bodies from mass graves in the former Yugoslavia. The wars in the Balkans in the 1990s resulted in about 40 000 people going missing, of those, as many as 30 000 in Bosnia-Herzegovina alone. As early as 1992, the UN expert committee for the former Yugoslavia pointed out that severe crimes against humanity were being committed, a vast number of human rights violations and unlawful executions were carried out, which resulted in large number of mass graves. Thu, 27 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081127204556.htm Archeology Of Homelessness http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124130956.htm No matter what you see in the movies, archaeology isn't really about finding ancient temples or golden idols. It's about the day-to-day "stuff" -- the material culture—of people's lives. It doesn't even have to be ancient, as a study of homeless peoples' stuff in Indianapolis is showing. Instead of being an exotic field, archaeology may even help the homeless to live better lives. Wed, 26 Nov 2008 17:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124130956.htm Jurassic Turtles Could Swim http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119093227.htm Around 164 million years ago the earliest aquatic turtles lived in lakes and lagoons on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, according to new research. Wed, 26 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119093227.htm Getting Warmer? Prehistoric Climate Can Help Forecast Future Changes http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141055.htm New data on a prehistoric warm period allow for more accurate predictions of future climate and improved understanding of today's warming. Past warm periods provide real data on climate change and are natural laboratories for understanding the global climate system. Scientists examined fossils from 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago, known as the mid-Pliocene warm period. Tue, 25 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141055.htm Deep Heat Solution To 500-million Year Fossil Mystery http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081112074906.htm Scientists have shed new light on a 500-million year old mystery. Some 500 million year-old fossils of the Burgess Shale in Canada, discovered over a century ago, still provide one of the most remarkable insights into the dawn of animal life. The beautiful silvery fossils show the true nature of the life of that time, just after the "Cambrian explosion" of animal life. Yet, their existence is a paradox: the fossils have been buried deep in the Earth's crust and heated to over 300°C (~600 °F), before being thrust up by tectonic forces to form a mountainous ridge in the Rockies. Tue, 25 Nov 2008 08:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081112074906.htm Using Water To Understand Human Society –- From The Industrial Revolution To Global Trade http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126075626.htm Water shapes societies, but it is a factor only just beginning to be appreciated by social scientists. Water, according to a Norwegian professor, is a unique natural resource for two reasons. First, it is absolutely essential for all societies, because we cannot live without it. Secondly, it is always the same. Whatever you do with water on the surface of the Earth, it reemerges. "You can destroy or create rivers and lakes," he says, "but you cannot destroy water itself." Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081126075626.htm Climate Change Wiped Out Cave Bears 13 Millennia Earlier Than Thought http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081125203143.htm Enormous cave bears, Ursus spelaeus, that once inhabited a large swathe of Europe, from Spain to the Urals, died out 27,800 years ago, around 13 millennia earlier than was previously believed, scientists have reported. The new date coincides with a period of significant climate change, known as the Last Glacial Maximum, when a marked cooling in temperature resulted in the reduction or loss of vegetation forming the main component of the cave bears' diet. Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081125203143.htm Proteins Strangle Cell During Division http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081125121337.htm A Swedish research group has discovered a new mechanism for cell division in a microorganism found in extremely hot and acidic conditions. The results of the research offer insights into evolution, but also into the functioning of the human body. Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081125121337.htm Flexibility Trumps Fitness In Sexual Reproduction, Says New Theory In Evolutionary Biology http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124174903.htm An intriguing new theory of evolutionary biology says the reason sexual reproduction may be so successful is that it promotes genes that work well in combination with many other genes. This idea of genetic mixability hits on the difficulty evolutionary biologists have had in understanding sex, specifically its role in population genetics and natural selection. Mon, 24 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124174903.htm Is A Stradivarius Violin Better Than Other Violins? http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081108164152.htm Some sell for more than $3.5 million. Only 700 of them exist, and they're stored in vaults, frequently stolen and often counterfeited. The object in question? Stradivarius violins, constructed by famed Italian instrument-maker Antonio Stradivari between 1680 and 1720. Treasured for possessing sublime acoustic properties, these rare instruments have spawned dozens of theories attempting to explain their legendary tone, and luthiers, makers of stringed instruments, are still trying to reproduce it. The question remains: Are Stradivarius violins worth all the fuss? Sat, 22 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081108164152.htm Discovery Of Giant Roaming Deep Sea Protist Provides New Perspective On Animal Evolution http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081120130531.htm Groove-like tracks on the ocean floor made by giant deep-sea single-celled organisms could lead to new insights into the evolutionary origin of animals, according to biologists. Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081120130531.htm Darwin Was Right About How Evolution Can Affect Whole Group http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119122634.htm Worker ants of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your fertility. The highly specialized worker castes in ants represent the pinnacle of social organization in the insect world. As in any society, however, ant colonies are filled with internal strife and conflict. So what binds them together? More than 150 years ago, Charles Darwin had an idea and now he's been proven right. Thu, 20 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119122634.htm Floppy-footed Gibbons Help Us Understand How Early Humans May Have Walked http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117103735.htm Early humans roamed the plains long before we evolved our modern inflexible feet. So how did they walk on floppy feet? New research shows how a close relative, the gibbon, manages perfectly well despite their 'floppy' feet. They even use the same energy saving mechanisms when pushing off, despite the foot's different architecture. Wed, 19 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117103735.htm What The Social Lives Of Brewer’s Yeast Say About Evolution http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113140321.htm An ingenious social behavior that mobilizes yeast cells to cooperate in protecting each other from stress, antibiotics and other dangers is driven by the activity of a single gene, scientists report in the journal Cell. The cooperating cells use the same gene, dubbed FLO1, as a marker for detecting "cheaters:" cells that try to profit from the group's protection without investing in the group's welfare. Wed, 19 Nov 2008 14:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113140321.htm Funerary Monument Reveals Iron Age Belief That The Soul Lived In The Stone http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081118071136.htm Archaeologists in southeastern Turkey have discovered an Iron Age chiseled stone slab that provides the first written evidence in the region that people believed the soul was separate from the body. Wed, 19 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081118071136.htm New Research Commitment To Save Sweden's Famous Royal Warship, The Vasa http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119142106.htm How should the humidity, temperature, and light be set to preserve Sweden's famous royal warship Vasa for posterity? How much and how quickly are the ship's wood and preservative breaking down, and how is the ship's stability being affected by this? Wed, 19 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081119142106.htm Thank Journalist, Rather Than Pilgrims, For Thanksgiving Feast http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117220543.htm Historians explain that the current version of Thanksgiving was created by a journalistic crusader, and would have been unrecognizable to the Pilgrims it supposedly honors. Tue, 18 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117220543.htm World's Earliest Nuclear Family Found http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117192915.htm The earliest evidence of a nuclear family, dating back to the Stone Age, has been uncovered by an international team of researchers. Tue, 18 Nov 2008 08:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117192915.htm Anthropologist Assembles And Copies Skeleton Of Extinct Lemur http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081114201106.htm Scientists have nearly complete a skeleton of a rare species of extinct lemur. Collecting and casting of the lemur bones and assembling them into a near complete skeleton capped off a process that began in 1899 in the Andrahomana Cave in southeastern Madagascar. Mon, 17 Nov 2008 14:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081114201106.htm Singapore: The City Beneath The City http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117082242.htm The diamond-shape island state of Singapore is more or less the same size as the Danish island of Bornholm. It takes about an hour to drive from the east to the west of the little island on which the city lies. Mon, 17 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081117082242.htm Dinosaur Whodunit: Solving A 77-million-year-old Mystery http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181200.htm It has all the hallmarks of a Cretaceous melodrama. A dinosaur sits on her nest of a dozen eggs on a sandy river beach. Water levels rise, and the mother is faced with a dilemma: Stay or abandon her unhatched offspring to the flood and scramble to safety? Fri, 14 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181200.htm Pelvis Dated To 1.2 Million Years Ago Shows Ancestors May Have Been Born With Big Heads http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181152.htm Discovery of the most intact female pelvis of Homo erectus may cause scientists to reevaluate how early humans evolved to successfully birth larger-brained babies. A reconstruction of the 1.2 million-year-old pelvis discovered in 2001 in the Gona Study Area at Afar, Ethiopia, that has led researchers to speculate early man was better equipped than first thought to produce larger-brained babies. The actual fossils remain in Ethiopia. Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181152.htm Mineral Kingdom Has Co-evolved With Life, Scientists Find http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181035.htm Evolution isn't just for living organisms. Scientists have found that the mineral kingdom co-evolved with life, and that up to two thirds of the more than 4,000 known types of minerals on Earth can be directly or indirectly linked to biological activity. The finding could aid scientists in the search for life on other planets. Fri, 14 Nov 2008 11:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081113181035.htm Marine Plankton Found In Amber http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081112161206.htm Marine microorganisms have been found in amber dating from the middle of the Cretaceous period. The fossils were collected in Charente, in France. This completely unexpected discovery will deepen our understanding of these lost marine species as well as providing precious data about the coastal environment of Western France during the Cretaceous. Fri, 14 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081112161206.htm Small Islands Given Short Shrift In Assembling Archaeological Record http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081030144633.htm Small islands dwarf large ones in archaeological importance, says a University of Florida researcher, who found that people who settled the Caribbean before Christopher Columbus preferred more minute pieces of land because they relied heavily on the sea. Fri, 14 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081030144633.htm Rare Hebrew Seal From First Temple Period Discovered In Archaeological Excavations In Jerusalem's Western Wall Plaza http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110174056.htm A rare and impressive Hebrew seal was discovered that dates to the latter part of the First Temple period. The seal was found in a building that is currently being uncovered, which dates to the seventh century BCE -- to the time when the kings Manasseh and Josiah reigned. Thu, 13 Nov 2008 11:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110174056.htm Sedimentary Records Link Himalayan Erosion Rates And Monsoon Intensity Through Time http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081109193349.htm Throughout history, the changing fortunes of human societies in Asia have been linked to variations in the precipitation resulting from seasonal monsoons. Research suggests that variations in monsoon climate over longer time scales also influenced the evolution of the world's highest mountain chain, the Himalaya. Wed, 12 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081109193349.htm Ice Age Beasts In Europe: Migration Of The Woolly Rhinoceros Earlier Than Assumed http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111093919.htm The newly described skull of the oldest woolly rhinoceros in Europe shows that these giant creatures -- with two impressively large horns on the bridge of their noses -- once roamed across central Germany. The large shaggy mammals grazed at the foot of the Kyffhäuser range, whose unforested, rocky slopes loomed out of the broad, bleak plains of northern Thuringia 460,000 years ago. The climate at this time was icy cold and far drier than today. Wed, 12 Nov 2008 08:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111093919.htm Evolution's New Wrinkle: Proteins With 'Cruise Control' Act Like Adaptive Machines http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183039.htm Scientists has discovered that chains of proteins found in most living organisms act like adaptive machines, possessing the ability to control their own evolution. The research, which appears to offer evidence of a hidden mechanism guiding the way biological organisms respond to the forces of natural selection, provides a new perspective on evolution, the scientists said. Wed, 12 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111183039.htm Annual Plants Converted Into Perennials http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081109193431.htm Scientists have succeeded in converting annual plants into perennials. They discovered that the deactivation of two genes in annuals led to the formation of structures that converted the plant into a perennial. This was most likely an important mechanism in plant evolution, initiating the formation of trees. Tue, 11 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081109193431.htm Southern Wall Of Jerusalem That Dates To Time Of Hasmonean Dynasty Discovered On Mount Zion http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110190511.htm An exciting discovery in Jerusalem constituting extraordinary remains of the wall of the city from the time of the Second Temple (second century BCE-70 CE) that was built by the Hasmonean kings and was destroyed during the Great Revolt, and also the remains of a city wall from the Byzantine period (324-640 CE) which was built on top of it, were uncovered in an extensive excavation that is currently underway on Mount Zion. Tue, 11 Nov 2008 23:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110190511.htm Gold Earring 2,000 Years Old Discovered In Excavations In Jerusalem http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110173709.htm A 2,000 year old gold earring inlaid with pearls and precious stones was discovered in excavations that the Israel Antiquities Authority is conducting in the Giv'ati car park at the City of David, in the "Walls around Jerusalem National Park". The earring, which is made of a coiled gold hoop, has a large inlaid pearl in its center. Tue, 11 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110173709.htm Without Enzyme, Biological Reaction Essential To Life Takes 2.3 Billion Years http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111073845.htm All biological reactions within human cells depend on enzymes. Their power as catalysts enables biological reactions to occur usually in milliseconds. But how slowly would these reactions proceed spontaneously, in the absence of enzymes -- minutes, hours, days? And why even pose the question? Tue, 11 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081111073845.htm Limb Loss In Lizards: Evidence For Rapid Evolution http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110223331.htm Small skink lizards, Lerista, demonstrate extensive changes in body shape over geologically brief periods. New research shows that several species of these skinks have rapidly evolved an elongate, limbless body form. Tue, 11 Nov 2008 11:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081110223331.htm How Evolution Learns From Past Environments To Adapt To New Environments http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081107071822.htm The evolution of novel characteristics within organisms can be enhanced when environments change in a systematic manner, according to a new study. Researchers suggest that in environments that vary over time in a non-random way, evolution can learn the rules of the environment and develop organisms that can readily generate novel useful traits with only a few mutations. Mon, 10 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081107071822.htm Project Virtually Rebuilds Lost Architecture Of The Shakers http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081106122247.htm The Shakers, a religious group that built 19 communities in the United States during the 1800s, had a prolific and distinct architectural construction and design style. Much of that architecture has been lost; however, a new research project aims to rebuild it -- virtually. Mon, 10 Nov 2008 05:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081106122247.htm Tale Of Two Snails Reveals Secrets About The Biochemistry Of Evolution http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081103124324.htm Researchers in Spain are reporting deep new insights into how evolution changes the biochemistry of living things, helping them to adapt to new environments. Their study, based on an analysis of proteins produced by two populations of marine snails, reveals chemical differences that give one population a survival-of-the fittest edge for life in its cold, wave-exposed environment. Sat, 08 Nov 2008 20:00:00 EST http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081103124324.htm |
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