| Center_for_Electrochemical_Science_and_Engineering At the Univ. of Virginia. Sponsors of a DC Corrosion and a Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Short Course. |
| ChemEng-Cui Chemical Engineering at Oxford. |
| Cyclic_Voltammetry_Primer A nice introduction to cyclic voltammetry with nice animations. EC and ECE mechanisms covered briefly. |
| Dynamics_of_electrochemical_systems Course notes for a course (French). A wealth of information. The "Handbook of EIS" is in english and has information on several mechanisms. |
| EDA_-_Electrochemical_products,_engineering_and_research EDA leads the electrochemistry of complex aqueous solutions. Our primary fields are metals & resource recovery, water treatment technologies, power storage and industrial processes. |
| EDRACI,_the_Electrochemistry_Division_of_the_Royal_Australian_Chemical_Institute Site has a nice collection of links of interest to Australians, Resource links of interest to all. |
| Electrochemical_Division_of_The_Italian_Chemical_Society A nice dictionary of electrochemical terms. |
| Electrochemistry_Encyclopedia Popular-science style articles about a variety of topics in electrochemistry. An outreach, educational site with articles by noted electrochemists. |
| Electrochemistry_for_Corrosion_-_Course_notes Focused on corrosion, but still quite general, notes in outline form. Good mix of theory and practical advice. |
| Electrochemistry_thesis__rates_of_charge_transport_in_polymers Colin Cameron's Ph.D. thesis: "Enhanced Rates of Electron Transport in Conjugated-Redox Polymer Hybrids." |
| European_Internet_Centre_for_Impedance_Spectroscopy Sponsored by UNESCO (UVO-ROSTE). Promises to be a focal point for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Flawed HTML implementation, but useful. |
| GEM__Global_Energy_Marketplace Welcome to GEM, the Global Energy Marketplace. |
| Groups_studying_CVD_diamond CVD diamond is an exciting new electrode material. The Bristol group lists others in the field. |
| Journal__\'Analytical_Sciences\'_(The_Japan_Society_for_Analytical_Chemistry) Abstracts and full text available for => 1998 articles. |
| Journal__J_of_New_Materials_For_Electrochemical_Systems First International Journal for exchange and dissemination of basic ideas on new materials in connection with Electrochemical Systems. (New: June 2000) Call for papers. |
| L-Chem L-Chem develops CAD software (Cell-Design) for modeling and simulation of electrochemical systems. |
| Nobel_Prize_-_Chemistry,_1959_-_J__Heyrovsky "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" The Father of Polarography. |
| Nobel_Prize_-_Chemistry_1992_-_Marcus "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" The Marcus Theory |
| pH_Measurement_Information_Resource_for_Science_and_Industry Everything you want to know about pH measurement, including pH theory, pH applications and troubleshooting, plus selecting correct pH electrodes or pH meters. Informative manufacturer's site. |
| Potentiodynamic_Electrochemical_Impedance_Spectroscopy This digital electrochemical technique acquires and analyses impedance spectra of solid/liquid interface in a potential scan |
| Probing_Brain_Chemistry__Voltammetry_Comes_of_Age_ Analytical Chemistry "A pages" article (1996) discusses in vivo voltammetry. |
| Research_Solutions_and_Resources_-_Electrochemistry_Resources Tips and information on reference electrodes, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), instrumentation. |
| Societies_-_ESTIR_listings Technical and professional societies of interest to electrochemists. |
| Society_for_Electroanalytical_Chemistry,_SEAC SEAC sponsors Reilley Award, New Investigators Award, and Graduate Student Travel Grants at PittCon each year. Nice list of journals. |
| Society__International_Society_of_Electrochemistry_(ISE) International society with two meetings per year. |
| Society__Royal_Society_of_Chemistry The leading organisation in Europe for advancing the chemical sciences. Activities span education and training, conferences and science policy, and the promotion of the chemical sciences to the public |
| Society__The_Electrochemical_Society,_Inc__(ECS) The homepage for the Electrochemical Society. |
| Software__Electrochemical_Cells_Pro Software: Electrochemical Cells Pro allows you to build virtual electrochemical cells. Alter cell properties such as temperature, pH concentration and pressure. Electrochemical calculations using the |
| Software__Electrochemical_Simulations_Package,_ESP Curve fitting via the COOL algorithm, but with user defined mechanism. Digital simulation (a la Digisim) is used to generate the theoretical curve. Free. |
| Software__Electrochemist_com Virtual electrochemist. It simulates voltammetry and chronoamperometry on virtually any mechanism by virtually any waveform techniques. |
| Surface_Science_Western Surface Science |
| U_Alberta_University_Chemistry_II Course notes on Electrochemistry by James Plambeck |
| Undergraduate_Electrochemical_Education A good site for teaching electrochemical techniques in an undergraduate lab. There are many links to additional resources and information, including example experiments and basic theory. |
| Earthweek Weekly "Diary of the Planet" featuring current information on natural events around the globe. |
| BBC_News_-_Science/Nature_-_UK_Edition BBC News for up-to-the-minute provides trusted World and UK news as well as local and regional perspectives (eventually including video, audio and feature stories). [RSS] |
| EurekAlert!_-_Earth_Science A website for earth science news. [RSS] |
| EurekAlert!_-_Oceanography A website for oceanographic news. [RSS] |
| Oil_IT_Journal_-_www_oilit_com Monthly headlines from Oil IT Journal. [RSS] |
| ScienceDaily_Headlines__Earth_&_Climate Daily headlines about discoveries in the earth sciences, including geology and geophysics, climatology and meteorology, oceanography, and the environment, from the world's leading universities and res |
| ScienceDaily_Headlines__Fossils_&_Ruins Daily headlines about discoveries in fossils and ruins and other topics in paleontology and archaeology, including dinosaurs, early humans, and lost civilizations, from the world's leading universitie |
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Last Updated: Thursday, 8 April, 2004, 18:00 GMT 19:00 UK
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Dig discovery is oldest 'pet cat'
By Paul Rincon
BBC News Online science staff
The cats at Shillourokambos may have been like this African wildcat
The oldest known evidence of people keeping cats as pets may have been found by archaeologists.
The discovery of a cat buried with what could be its owner in a Neolithic grave on Cyprus suggests domestication of cats had begun 9,500 years ago.
It was thought the Egyptians were first to domesticate cats, with the earliest evidence dating to 2,000-1,900 BC.
French researchers writing in Science magazine show that the process actually began much earlier than that.
The evidence comes from the Neolithic, or late stone age, village of Shillourokambos on Cyprus, which was inhabited from the 9th to the 8th millennia BC.
Cat culture
"The cat we found in the grave may have been pre-domesticated - something in between savage and domestic. Alternatively, it's possible it was really domestic," Professor Jean Guilaine, of the CNRS Centre d'Anthropologie in Toulouse, France, told BBC News Online.
The cat (top) was killed to be buried together with its "master" (bottom)
"We have this situation of the person and the cat. This same situation of men and dogs are known much earlier from the Natufian culture of Israel which dates to 12-11,000 BC."
The complete cat skeleton was found about 40cm from a human burial. The similar states of preservation and positions of the burials in the ground suggest the person and the cat were buried together.
The person, who is about 30 years of age, but of unknown sex, was buried with offerings such as polished stone, axes, flint tools and ochre pigment.
Based on this the researchers argue that the person was of high status and may have had a special relationship with cats. Cats might have had religious as well as material significance to the Stone Age Cypriots, the French archaeologists add.
'Religious animal'
"It's difficult to say the cat was a religious animal but it probably played a role in the symbolic and imaginative world of these people," Professor Guilaine explained.
During the Neolithic, when agriculture was beginning to spread from the Near East, grain storage would have attracted large mice populations. So cats may have been encouraged to settle in villages to control the mice.
Shillourokambos was a thriving village in the late stone age
"If this hypothesis is true, cats could have been attracted into the villages as early as there were mice. These mice in the Near East were present as early as 12,000 years ago," co-author Dr Jean-Denis Vigne, of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, told BBC News Online.
It seems the eight-month-old cat in the Cypriot burial was killed in order to be buried with the person. The skeleton shows no signs of butchering, suggesting that it was treated as an individual in death.
But burnt cat bones from a similar period at the site, attest to the fact that humans did eat the animals on certain occasions.
The cat specimen is large and best resembles the African wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), rather than present-day domestic cats.
There are no native feline species on Cyprus, so the authors presume any cats must have been introduced by humans.
